Table 4.
Nutritional recommendations, intake, and prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes in men with metabolic syndrome (n = 19)
| Micronutrients | EAR/AI | Mean | SD | Intake percentiles | % of inadequacy | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 90th | |||||
| Vitamin A (μg/d)a | 625 | 652.2 | 547.7 | 266.8 | 352.6 | 467.7 | 756.9 | 1287.3 | 48.0 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 75 | 99.8 | 78.7 | 29.6 | 58.7 | 86.6 | 118.4 | 151.5 | 37.8 |
| Vitamin D (μg/d) | 10 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 4.7 | 100.0 |
| Vitamin E (mg/d)b | 12 | 10.6 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 7.2 | 9.9 | 14.1 | 16.9 | 60.3 |
| Thiamin (mg/d) | 1 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 33.7 |
| Riboflavin (mg/d) | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 52.8 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg/d)c 19–50 years | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 9.7 |
| >50 years | 1.4 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 32.3 |
| Niacin (mg/d)d | 12 | 21.2 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 14.5 | 18.4 | 24.3 | 36.8 | 19.8 |
| Phosphorus (mg/d) | 580 | 852.5 | 229.3 | 577.5 | 687.1 | 829.2 | 963.1 | 1128.9 | 11.7 |
| Magnesium (mg/d)e 19–30 years | 330 | 168.2 | 36.1 | 114.1 | 144.4 | 162.3 | 203.9 | 216.1 | 100.0 |
| >30 years | 350 | 220.7 | 68.8 | 135.4 | 170.1 | 202.3 | 248.5 | 350.0 | 97.0 |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 9.4 | 7.3 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 6.7 | 8.1 | 10.4 | 75.5 |
| Copper (mg/d) | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 23.0 |
| Iron (mg/d)f | 6 | 11.7 | 2.5 | 9.1 | 10.6 | 11.3 | 12.8 | 16.1 | 0.0 |
| Selenium (μg/d) | 45 | 59.8 | 22.4 | 30.5 | 40.8 | 61.5 | 75.1 | 95.6 | 25.5 |
| Calcium (mg/d)g 19–50 years | 800 | 466.0 | 123.6 | 314.6 | 346.2 | 450.5 | 558.7 | 669.4 | 99.7 |
| >50 years | 1000 | 639.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Potassium (mg/d)h | 4700 | 1817.9 | 503.8 | 1350.0 | 1473.2 | 1721.3 | 2058.9 | 2506.7 | – |
EAR estimated average requirement; AI adequate intake
aCalculated as retinol activity equivalents
bCalculated as α-tocopherol equivalents
c19–50 y (n = 6); >50 y (n = 13)
dCalculated as niacin equivalents
e19–30 y (n = 6); >30 y (n = 13)
fInadequate iron intake was calculated by the probability approach
g19–50 y (n = 18); >50 y (n = 1)
hAI value