Table 1.
Socioeconomic characteristics of respondents
| Male | Female | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | |||
| Total | 304 (49.8) | 307 (50.2) | 611 (100.0) | ||
| Age group (years) | |||||
| 25–34 | 69 (22.7) | 73 (23.8) | 142 (23.2) | ||
| 35–44 | 81 (26.6) | 72 (23.5) | 153 (25.0) | ||
| 45–54 | 90 (29.6) | 91 (29.6) | 181 (29.6) | ||
| 55–65 | 64 (21.1) | 71 (23.1) | 135 (22.1) | ||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 43.0±11.4 | 43.3±11.5 | 43.2±11.5 | ||
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 251 (82.6) | 231 (75.2) | 482 (78.9) | ||
| Widow/divorced | 9 (3.0) | 42 (13.7) | 51 (8.3) | ||
| Unmarried | 44 (14.4) | 34 (11.1) | 78 (12.8) | ||
| Education level | |||||
| Below secondary | 33 (10.9) | 23 (7.5) | 56 (9.2) | ||
| Secondary | 136 (44.7) | 134 (43.6) | 270 (44.2) | ||
| College | 100 (32.9) | 105 (34.2) | 205 (33.6) | ||
| University | 35 (11.5) | 45 (14.7) | 80 (13.1) | ||
| Professional group | |||||
| Workera | 121 (39.8) | 43 (14.0) | 164 (26.8) | ||
| Employee | 74 (24.3) | 139 (45.3) | 213 (34.9) | ||
| Unemployed | 109 (35.9) | 125 (40.7) | 234 (38.3) | ||
| Nationality | |||||
| Kazakh | 234 (77.0) | 234 (76.2) | 468 (76.6) | ||
| Russian | 54 (17.8) | 57 (18.6) | 111 (18.2) | ||
| Minority | 16 (5.3) | 16 (5.2) | 32 (5.2) | ||
| Monthly family incomeb (tenge) | |||||
| <36,000 | 235 (77.3) | 207 (67.4) | 442 (72.3) | ||
| ≥36,000 | 69 (22.7) | 100 (32.6) | 169 (27.7) | ||
aWorker means ‘blue-collar workers’ engaged in hard physical labor, b1USD=120 tenge