Table 2.
Percentage of study subjects who identified risk factors for cardiovascular diseases by socioeconomic characteristics
| Risk factors | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tobacco smoking | Overweighta | Alcohol drinking | Hypertensionb | ||||
| Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | ||||
| Total | 369 (60.4) | 443 (72.5) | 396 (64.8) | 305 (49.9) | |||
| Age group (years) | |||||||
| 25–34 | 92 (64.8) | 104 (73.2) | 99 (69.7) | 72 (50.7) | |||
| 35–44 | 105 (68.6) | 117 (76.5) | 97 (63.4) | 82 (53.8) | |||
| 45–54 | 97 (53.6) | 130 (71.8) | 116 (64.1) | 92 (50.8) | |||
| 55–65 | 75 (55.6) | 92 (68.1) | 84 (62.2) | 59 (43.7) | |||
| p value | 0.016 | 0.462 | 0.558 | 0.390 | |||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 168 (55.3) | 211 (69.4) | 194 (63.8) | 153 (50.3) | |||
| Female | 201 (65.5) | 232 (75.6) | 202 (65.8) | 152 (49.5) | |||
| p value | 0.010 | 0.088 | 0.608 | 0.840 | |||
| Marital status | |||||||
| Married | 295 (61.2) | 347 (72.0) | 317 (65.8) | 244 (50.6) | |||
| Widow/divorced | 26 (51.0) | 41 (80.4) | 27 (52.9) | 17 (33.3) | |||
| Unmarried | 48 (61.5) | 55 (70.5) | 52 (66.7) | 44 (56.4) | |||
| p value | 0.356 | 0.404 | 0.177 | 0.030 | |||
| Education level | |||||||
| Below secondary | 31 (55.4) | 34 (60.7) | 32 (57.1) | 20 (35.7) | |||
| Secondary | 164 (60.7) | 192 (71.1) | 165 (61.1) | 137 (50.7) | |||
| College | 110 (53.7) | 158 (77.1) | 136 (66.3) | 97 (47.3) | |||
| University | 64 (80.0) | 59 (73.8) | 63 (78.8) | 51 (63.8) | |||
| p value | 0.001 | 0.095 | 0.018 | 0.010 | |||
| Professional group | |||||||
| Workerc | 93 (56.7) | 118 (72.0) | 103 (62.8) | 74 (45.1) | |||
| Employee | 141 (66.2) | 162 (76.1) | 156 (73.2) | 126 (59.2) | |||
| Unemployed | 135 (57.7) | 163 (69.7) | 137 (58.5) | 105 (44.9) | |||
| p value | 0.098 | 0.313 | 0.004 | 0.004 | |||
| Monthly family incomed (tenge) | |||||||
| <36,000 | 264 (59.7) | 315 (71.3) | 278 (62.9) | 211 (47.7) | |||
| ≥36,000 | 105 (62.1) | 128 (75.7) | 118 (69.8) | 94 (55.6) | |||
| p value | 0.587 | 0.268 | 0.109 | 0.081 | |||
aOverweight: BMI ≥ 25.0; it also included obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0). bHypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm of Hg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm of Hg was treated as ‘hypertension’. cWorker means ‘blue-collar workers’ engaged in hard physical labor. d1USD=120 tenge