Table 4.
Associations of pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal complications with maternal obesity
| Characteristics | Obesea | Non-obeseb | ORc | 95% CId | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | |||||
| Pregnancy complications | ||||||
| No | 7 (41.2) | 98 (70.0) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Yes | 10 (58.8) | 42 (30.0) | 3.6 | 1.2–10.6 | 0.040 | |
| Eclampsia/pre-eclampsia | ||||||
| No | 14 (82.4) | 136 (97.1) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Yes | 3 (17.6) | 4 (2.9) | 24.7 | 2.2–44.8 | 0.010 | |
| Amniotic fluid disorders | ||||||
| No | 14 (82.4) | 122 (87.1) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Yes | 3 (17.6) | 18 (12.9) | 1.7 | 0.4–7.1 | 0.449 | |
| Placental insufficiency | ||||||
| No | 11 (64.7) | 112 (80.0) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Yes | 6 (35.3) | 28 (20.0) | 2.2 | 0.7–6.8 | 0.171 | |
| Delivery complications | ||||||
| No | 14 (82.4) | 97 (69.3) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Yes | 3 (17.6) | 43 (30.7) | 0.6 | 0.2–2.3 | 0.460 | |
| Premature rupture of membrane | ||||||
| No | 16 (94.1) | 106 (75.7) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1 (5.9) | 34 (24.3) | 0.2 | 0.02–1.6 | 0.129 | |
| Abnormal labore | ||||||
| No | 15 (88.2) | 134 (95.7) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Yes | 2 (11.8) | 6 (4.3) | 8.1 | 1.0–63.8 | 0.056 | |
| Delivery outcomes | ||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 7 (41.2) | 84 (60.0) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Cesarean section | 10 (58.8) | 56 (40.0) | 2.1 | 0.7–6.2 | 0.164 | |
| Neonatal complications | ||||||
| No | 10 (58.8) | 105 (75.0) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Yes | 7 (41.2) | 35 (25.0) | 2.3 | 0.8–6.9 | 0.131 | |
| Fetal macrosomiaf | ||||||
| No | 13 (76.5) | 126 (90.0) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Yes | 4 (23.5) | 14 (10.0) | 2.2 | 0.6–8.0 | 0.244 | |
| Intrauterine growth retardation | ||||||
| No | 16 (94.1) | 134 (95.7) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1 (5.9) | 6 (4.3) | 1.5 | 0.1–15.1 | 0.738 | |
| Cerebral ischemia | ||||||
| No | 14 (82.4) | 128 (91.4) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Yes | 3 (17.6) | 12 (8.6) | 2.0 | 0.5–8.8 | 0.345 | |
| Pneumonia | ||||||
| No | 15 (88.2) | 135 (96.4) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Yes | 2 (11.8) | 5 (3.6) | 3.4 | 0.6–20.2 | 0.180 | |
| Birth defect | ||||||
| No | 14 (82.4) | 136 (97.1) | 1 | Reference | ||
| Yes | 3 (17.6) | 4 (2.9) | 8.8 | 1.5–50.1 | 0.016 |
a Obese means women with BMI≥30.0, b Non-obese means women with BMI<30.0; c OR: odds ratio; ORs were adjusted for age of mother at delivery and parity; d CI: confidence interval; e abnormal labor refers to a process that deviates from what most women undergoing spontaneous vaginal delivery experience,16) f birth weight >4000 grams as fetal macrosomia regardless of gestational age17)