Table 2.
Antimicrobial use density (AUD) during enforcement of non control, notification, and permission systems, respectively
| Antimicrobials | Abbreviation | Antimicrobial Use Density (AUD) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non control system |
Notification system |
Permission system |
|||
| Carbapenem | BIPM | 0.54±0.12 | 0.36±0.21 | 0.03±0.03 | |
| PAPM / BP | 0.24±0.20 | 0.17±0.09 | 0.06±0.06 | ||
| IPM / CS | 0.45±0.15 | 0.26±0.07 | 0.06±0.03 | ||
| DRPM | – | 0.01±0.02 | 0.02±0.03 | ||
| MEPM | 2.61±0.23 | 1.82±0.47 | 0.58±0.16 | ||
| total | 3.84±0.36 | 2.62±0.69↓↓ | 0.75±0.19↓↓,↓↓ | ||
| Penicillin | PIPC | 0.11±0.03 | 0.27±0.10 | 0.29±0.10 | |
| ABPC / MCIPC | 0.10±0.06 | 0.13±0.08 | 0.09±0.07 | ||
| ABPC / SBT | 3.30±0.61 | 3.19±0.47 | 3.45±0.60 | ||
| total | 3.51±0.65 | 3.59±0.53 | 3.83±0.56 | ||
| Cephem | 1st generation | CEZ | 0.81±0.26 | 0.94±0.22 | 1.56±0.18↑↑,↑↑ |
| 2nd generation | CMZ | 1.25±0.22 | 1.23±0.24 | 1.84±0.14 | |
| CTM | 1.11±0.19 | 1.32±0.44 | – | ||
| total | 2.36±0.32 | 2.55±0.34 | 1.84±0.14↓↓,↓↓ | ||
| 3rd generation | CTX | 0.24±0.12 | 0.28±0.11 | 0.25±0.10 | |
| CTRX | – | – | 0.32±0.44 | ||
| SBT / CPZ | 0.12±0.02 | 0.10±0.03 | 0.14±0.05 | ||
| total | 0.36±0.11 | 0.38±0.11 | 0.70±0.45↑,↑ | ||
| 4th generation | CZOP | 0.56±0.09 | 0.53±0.20 | 0.62±0.19 | |
| CPR | 0.30±0.10 | 0.30±0.09 | 0.09±0.03 | ||
| CFPM | 2.79±0.59 | 4.23±0.62 | 5.94±0.56 | ||
| total | 3.65±0.57 | 5.06±0.68↑↑ | 6.65±0.72↑↑,↑↑ | ||
| total | 7.18±0.48 | 8.93±0.66↑↑ | 10.75±0.68↑↑,↑↑ | ||
| Oxacephem | FMOX | 2.07±0.15 | 1.96±0.21 | 2.06±0.31 | |
| Aminoglycoside | AMK | 0.31±0.07 | 0.46±0.07 | 0.64±0.15 | |
| TOB | 0.02±0.01 | 0.04±0.03 | 0.04±0.03 | ||
| total | 0.33±0.06 | 0.50±0.09↑↑ | 0.68±0.15↑↑,↑↑ | ||
| Lincosamide | CLDM | 0.63±0.12 | 0.55±0.13 | 0.96±0.25↑↑,↑↑ | |
| Tetracycline | MINO | 1.17±0.24 | 0.86±0.25↓↓ | 0.51±0.24↓↓,↓↓ | |
| Quinolone | PZFX | 0.12±0.06 | 0.08±0.09 | 0.01±0.03 | |
| CPFX | 0.51±0.19 | 0.70±0.30 | 0.79±0.16 | ||
| total | 0.63±0.23 | 0.78±0.36 | 0.80±0.14↑ | ||
| anti-MRSAs | TEIC | 0.27±0.12 | 0.36±0.18 | 0.17±0.12 | |
| VCM | 0.56±0.11 | 0.66±0.23 | 0.41±0.17 | ||
| ABK | 0.07±0.06 | 0.11±0.15 | 0.06±0.06 | ||
| LZD | – | 0.03±0.05 | 0.12±0.12 | ||
| total | 0.90±0.16 | 1.16±0.33 | 0.76±0.29↓↓,↓↓ | ||
| FOM | 0.13±0.04 | 0.11±0.03 | 0.04±0.02↓↓,↓↓ | ||
| total | 20.39±1.19 | 21.03±0.85 | 21.14±1.12 | ||
↑: P<0.05, ↑↑ or ↓↓: P<0.01 vs. Non control system, ↑: P<0.05, ↑↑ or ↓↓: P<0.01 vs. Notification system.
DRPM, CTRX and LZD were adopted, and CTM was withdrawn during this study.