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. 2016 Apr 4;11:675–685. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S98082

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© 2016 Lu et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Effect of BZD on SE in COPD patients with insomnia.

Notes: ^#Flunitrazepam; *nitrazepam. Data was analyzed by Review Manager 5.3. Heterogeneity was predefined as I²>50%. The random-effect model was used if heterogeneity was observed. Otherwise, the fixed-effect model was used.

Abbreviations: BZD, benzodiazepine; SE, sleep efficiency; SD, standard deviation; SMD, standardized mean difference; IV, independent variable; CI, confidence interval.