Table 2.
Regression Models for the Associations Between Peer and Adolescent Alcohol Use, by Gender
| Boys (n = 5,372) | Girls (n = 5,905) | |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Peer alcohol use | ||
| No peers | Ref | Ref |
| At least a few | 9.50 [5.94, 15.18] | 8.82 [5.49, 14.18] |
| Country | ||
| United States | Ref | Ref |
| Switzerland | 1.54 [0.93, 2.55] | 0.58 [0.30, 1.10] |
| Scotland | 2.89 [1.82, 4.61] | 2.15 [1.29, 3.57] |
| Greece | 3.96 [2.41, 6.50] | 2.08 [1.16, 3.73] |
| Interactions | ||
| Peer alcohol use × United States | Ref | Ref |
| Peer alcohol use × Switzerland | 0.74 [0.41, 1.36] | 1.63 [0.78, 3.40] |
| Peer alcohol use × Scotland | 0.90 [0.52, 1.55] | 1.24 [0.70, 2.20] |
| Peer alcohol use × Greece | 0.48 [0.27, 0.86] | 0.62 [0.32, 1.18] |
| Family composition | ||
| Other | Ref | Ref |
| Two parents | 0.76 [0.63, 0.93] | 0.82 [0.66, 1.01] |
| Family affluence | ||
| Low | Ref | Ref |
| Medium | 1.13 [0.94, 1.35] | 1.15 [0.95, 1.40] |
| High | 1.37 [1.10, 172] | 1.46 [1.14, 1.87] |
| Age (years) | ||
| 11 | Ref | Ref |
| 13 | 1.39 [1.17, 1.66] | 2.10 [1.67, 2.63] |
| Pseudo R2 | .18 | .23 |
| Postestimation statistics | Wald Test: χ2 (df) | Wald Test: χ2 (df) |
| Global Wald test for all pairwise comparisons of countries | 9.57 (3)* | 8.97 (3)* |
| Pairwise country comparisons of peer alcohol use | ||
| USA vs. Switzerland | 0.94 (1) | 1.72 (1) |
| USA vs. Scotland | 0.14 (1) | 0.54 (1) |
| USA vs. Greece | 5.98 (1) | 2.13 (1) |
| Switzerland vs. Scotland | 0.65 (1) | 0.70 (1) |
| Switzerland vs. Greece | 2.76 (1) | 7.09 (1)* |
| Scotland vs. Greece | 7.79 (1)* | 6.26 (1) |
Note: Country is included as a moderator. In the postestimation statistics, significant differences (p < .10) indicate significant differences in the association of peer and adolescent alcohol use for the corresponding countries.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.