Table 1. Metabolic data during exhaustive exercise prior to the three diet interventions.
Day 1.
| 4 min | 20 min | 40 min | 60 min | 80 min | 100 min | Exhaustion | After intervals | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood glucose (mM) | ||||||||
| CHO | 4.7 ± 0.1 (8) | 4.3 ± 0.2 (8)* (8)* | 3.5 ± 0.1 (8)* | 3.2 ± 0.1 (6) | 3.2 ± 0.2 (5) | 3.0 ± 0.2 (4) | 3.1 ± 0.2 (8)* | 3.2 ± 0.1 (8)* |
| CHO+PROT | 4.8 ± 0.2 (8) | 3.8 ± 0.2 (8)* | 3.3 ± 0.1 (8)* | 3.1 ± 0.2 (7) | 3.1 ± 0.1 (3) | 3.0 ± 0.3 (2) | 2.9 ± 0.1 (8)* | 2.9 ± 0.1 (8)*† |
| PLA | 4.7 ± 0.1 (8) | 4.0 ± 0.1 (8)* | 3.5 ± 0.2 (8)* | 3.2 ± 0.2 (6) | 3.2 ± 0.3 (5) | 3.2 ± 0.0 (2) | 2.9 ± 0.1 (8)* | 3.0 ± 0.1 (8)* |
| Blood lactate (mM) | ||||||||
| CHO | 0.76 ± 0.07 (8) | 2.36 ± 0.35 (8)* | 2.02 ± 0.34 (8)* | 1.85 ± 0.35 (6) | 1.66 ± 0.35 (5) | 1.58 ± 0.35 (4) | 2.00 ± 0.31 (8)* | 3.09 ± 0.32 (8)* |
| CHO+PROT | 0.74 ± 0.04 (8) | 2.05 ± 0.24 (8)* | 1.77 ± 0.23 (8)* | 1.61 ± 0.21 (7) | 1.64 ± 0.50 (3) | 1.65 ± 0.70 (2) | 1.86 ± 0.25 (8)* | 2.92 ± 0.40 (8)* |
| PLA | 0.70 ± 0.05 (8) | 2.17 ± 0.30 (8)* | 1.95 ± 0.27 (8)* | 1.74 ± 0.23 (6) | 1.67 ± 0.23 (5) | 1.54 ± 0.55 (2) | 1.96 ± 0.29 (8)* | 3.28 ± 0.43 (8)* |
| VO2 (l·min-1) | ||||||||
| CHO | 3.45 ± 0.09 (8) | 3.66 ± 0.11 (8)* | 3.74 ± 0.11 (8)* | 3.67 ± 0.16 (6) | 3.67 ± 0.14 (5) | 3.74 ± 0.18 (4) | 3.92 ± 0.11 (8)* | |
| CHO+PROT | 3.43 ± 0.09 (8) | 3.64 ± 0.08 (8)* | 3.68 ± 0.09 (8)* | 3.70 ± 0.11 (7) | 3.96 ± 0.13 (3) | 4.04 ± 0.08 (2) | 3.85 ± 0.11 (8)*† | |
| PLA | 3.47 ± 0.07 (8) | 3.66 ± 0.09 (8)* | 3.76 ± 0.09 (8)* | 3.72 ± 0.11 (6) | 3.81 ± 0.15 (5) | 4.16 ± 0.08 (2) | 3.96 ± 0.13 (8)* | |
| RER (VCO2/VO2) | ||||||||
| CHO | 0.94 ± 0.01 (8) | 0.90 ± 0.01 (8)* | 0.89 ± 0.01 (8)* | 0.88 ± 0.01 (6) | 0.86 ± 0.01 (5) | 0.84 ± 0.01 (4) | 0.84 ± 0.02 (8)* | |
| CHO+PROT | 0.94 ± 0.01 (8) | 0.89 ± 0.01 (8)* | 0.88 ± 0.01 (8)* | 0.87 ± 0.02 (7) | 0.83 ± 0.03 (3) | 0.82 ± 0.05 (2) | 0.85 ± 0.02 (8)* | |
| PLA | 0.93 ± 0.01 (8) | 0.88 ± 0.01 (8)*† | 0.87 ± 0.01 (8)* | 0.88 ± 0.01 (6) | 0.86 ± 0.01 (5) | 0.84 ± 0.01 (2) | 0.83 ± 0.02 (8)* | |
| CHO oxidation (g·min-1) | ||||||||
| CHO | 3.6 ± 0.2 (8) | 3.2 ± 0.2 (8)* | 3.0 ± 0.2 (8)* | 2.9 ± 0.2 (6) | 2.4 ± 0.2 (5) | 2.2 ± 0.3 (4) | 2.3 ± 0.3 (8)* | |
| CHO+PROT | 3.5 ± 0.2 (8) | 3.0 ± 0.1 (8) | 2.9 ± 0.2 (8)* | 2.7 ± 0.3 (7) | 2.0 ± 0.5 (3) | 1.9 ± 0.8 (2) | 2.4 ± 0.4 (8)* | |
| PLA | 3.4 ± 0.2 (8) | 2.8 ± 0.1 (8)*† | 2.6 ± 0.1 (8)* | 2.4 ± 0.3 (6) | 2.2 ± 0.2 (5) | 2.0 ± 0.8 (2) | 2.2 ± 0.3 (8)* | |
| HF (beat·min-1) | ||||||||
| CHO | 146 ± 5 (8) | 153 ± 4 (8)* | 154 ± 4 (8)* | 155 ± 5 (6) | 156 ± 5 (5) | 163 ± 7 (4) | 162 ± 4 (8)* | |
| CHO+PROT | 147 ± 5 (8) | 153 ± 5 (8)* | 155 ± 5 (8)* | 158 ± 5 (7) | 152 ± 6 (3) | 161 ± 7 (2) | 163 ± 4 (8)* | |
| PLA | 146 ± 5 (8) | 154 ± 4 (8)* | 157 ± 4 (8)* | 159 ± 6 (6) | 161 ± 7 (5) | 164 ± 0 (2) | 165 ± 5 (8)* |
Values are means ± SEM. Time to exhaustion varied between subjects; number of subjects at different time points is given in parentheses. RER: Respiratory exchange ratio; CHO: Carbohydrate; HF: Heart frequency.
* Significantly different from values at 4 min (p<0.01).
† Significantly different from CHO (p<0.05).