Table 1. Primers Used for PCR Amplification and Resistance Gene Sequencing.

Gene	Primer Sequence (5’→3’)		Annealing Temp (°C)	Fragment (bp)	Reference
	Forward	Reverse
β - lactamase genes
blaTEM	TCAACATTTCCGTGTCG	CTGACAGTTACCAATGCTTA	56	860	[14]
blaSHV	ATGCGTTATATTCGCCTGTG	AGATAAATCACCACAATGCGC	56	896	[14]
blaCTX-M-1	CCGTTTCCGCTATTACAAACCG	GGCCCATGGTTAAAAAATCACTGC	56	944	[15]
blaCTX-M-2	ATGATGACTCACAGCATTCG	TCCCGACGGCTTTCCGCGTT	56	833	[16]
blaCTX-M-8	TTTGCCCGTGCGATTGG	CGACTTTCTGCCTTCTGCTCT	50	368	[17]
blaCTX-M-9	ATGGTGACAAAGAGAGTGCA	CCCTTCGGCGATGATTCTC	50	870	[18]
blaCTX-M-10	GCAGCACCAGTAAAGTGATGG	GCGATATCGTTGGTGGTACC	56	524	[19]
blaCTX-M-14	GAGAGTGCAACGGATGATG	TGCGGCTGGGTAAAATAG	56	941	[20]
AmpC genes
baCMY-G1	GCTGACAGCCTCTTTCTCCAC	CCTCGACACGGRCAGGGTTA	56	1082	[21]
baCMY-G2	GGTCTGGCCCATGCAGGTGA	GGTCGAGCCGGTCTTGTTGA	56	963	[21]
blaDHA	AACTTTCACAGGTGTGCTGGGT	CCGTACGCATACTGGCTTTGC	60	405	[22]
blaACT	ATTCGTATGCTGGATCTCGCCACC	CATGACCCAGTTCGCCATATCCTG	50	396	[23]
blaFOX	CACCACGAGAATAACC	GCCTTGAACTCGACCG	50	1184	[23]
Folate pathway inhibitors
dhfr	GCCAATCGGGTTATTGGCAA	TGGGAAGAAGGCGTCACCCTC	55	357	[24]
Fluoroquinolone resistance-associated genes
qnrA	ATTTCTCACGCCAGGATTTG	GATCGGCAAAGGTTAGGTCA	55	627	[25]
qnrB	GATCGTGAAAGCCAGAAAGG	ACGATGCCTGGTAGTTGTCC	55	469	[25]
qnrC	GGGTTGTACATTTATTGAATCG	CACCTACCCATTTATTTTCA	55	307	[26]
qnrD	CGAGATCAATTTACGGGGAATA	AACAAGCTGAAGCGCCTG	55	533	[27]
qnrS	ACGACATTCGTCAACTGCAA	TAAATTGGCACCCTGTAGGC	55	417	[28]
aac(6’)-Ib-cr	TTGCGATGCTCTATGAGTGGCTA	CTCGAATGCCTGGCGTGTTT	55	482	[29]
qepA	AACTGCTTGAGCCCGTAGAT	GTCTACGCCATGGACCTCAC	55	596	[26]
gyrA	CGACCTTGCGAGAGAAAT	GTTCCATCAGCCCTTCAA	55	626	[30]
parC	TACGTCATCATGGACAGG	GCCACTTCACGCAGGTTG	55	460	[31]
Aminoglycoside resistance-associated genes
aacA4	ATGACTGA CATGACCTTGCG	TTAGGCATCACTGCGTGTTCG	55	540	[32]
aacC1	ATGGGCATCATTCGCACATGTAGG	TTAGGTGGCGGTACTTGGGTC	55	873	[32]
aacC2	ATGCATACGCGGAAGGCAATAAC	CTAACCGGAAGGCTCGCAAG	55	861	[32]
aadA1	ATGAGGGAAGCGGTGATCG	TTATTTGCCGACTACCTTGGTG	55	792	[32]
aadB	ATGGACACAACGCAGGTCGC	TTAGGCCGCATATCGCGACC	55	534	[32]
aphA6	ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATTC	TCAATTCAATTCATCAAGTTTTA	55	781	[32]
armA	AGGTTGTTTCCATTTCTGAG	TCTCTTCATTCCCTTCTCC	55	591	[33]
rmtB	CCCAAACAGACCGTAGAGGC	CTCAAACTCGGCGGGCAAGC	55	585	[33]
Integron I	GGCATCCAAGCACAAG	AAGCAGACTTGACCTGA	55	Variable	[34]