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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cardiovasc Pathol. 2015 Jul 9;24(5):279–282. doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2015.07.001

Schematic 1.

Schematic 1

Schematic 1

Discussed mechanism of HIV-induced endothelial activation and dysfunction in untreated viremic (A) HIV patients and those on anti-retroviral treatment (B).