Table 1. Summary of cases of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)-associated pancreatobiliary fistulas.
Case | Age, years/gender | Symptoms | Identifiable fistula | “Pig-nose” appearance | ENBD effect | ||
CT | ERCP | IDUS | |||||
Case 1 | 84/F | Abdominal pain/anorexia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Case 2 | 87/F | Abdominal pain/fever | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Case 3 | 90/M | Abdominal pain | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | – |
Koizumi et al. 6 | 88/F | Abdominal and back pain | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
CT, computed tomography; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; IDUS, intraductal ultrasonography; ENBD, endoscopic nasal biliary drainage.