Table 2. Regression Models for Clinical Covariates in Relation to Total Cortisol Output, Baseline or Pre-Task Cortisol Levels, and Cortisol Reactivity.
|
Total cortisol outputa |
Baseline or pre-task cortisolb |
Cortisol reactivityc |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | t | p | β (95% CI) | t | p | β 95% CI | t | p | |
| Offspring lifetime psychiatric diagnoses | |||||||||
| Depression | −0.24 (−0.40, −0.08) | −2.92 | 0.004 | −0.16 (−0.32, 0.01) | −1.92 | 0.06 | −3.91 (−10.4, 2.6) | −1.20 | 0.23 |
| Bipolar disorder | −0.08 (−0.45, 0.29) | −0.42 | 0.68 | −0.28 (−0.60, 0.04) | −1.71 | 0.09 | −3.84 (−18.8, 11.1) | −0.51 | 0.61 |
| Anxiety | −0.14 (−0.32, 0.03) | −1.63 | 0.10 | −0.17 (−0.33, −0.01) | −2.08 | 0.04 | −2.11 (−8.6, 4.4) | −0.64 | 0.52 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | −0.15 (−0.40, 0.09) | −1.22 | 0.22 | −0.10 (−0.33, 0.14) | −0.80 | 0.42 | −6.63 (−14.3, 1.1) | −1.70 | 0.09 |
| Behavioral disorders | −0.20 (−0.49, 0.09) | −1.36 | 0.18 | −0.07 (−0.32, 0.19) | −0.51 | 0.61 | −1.71 (−11.3, 7.8) | −0.36 | 0.72 |
| Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | −0.09 (−0.32, 0.12) | −0.83 | 0.41 | −0.07 (−0.27, 0.13) | −0.68 | 0.49 | 1.66 (−7.8, 11.1) | 0.35 | 0.73 |
| Alcohol/substance abuse disorders | −0.01 (−0.21, 0.19) | −0.11 | 0.91 | 0.03 (−0.16, 0.21) | 0.30 | 0.76 | −2.60 (−10.4, 5.2) | −0.66 | 0.51 |
| Personality disorders | −0.37 (−0.82, 0.09) | −1.59 | 0.11 | −0.32 (−0.65, 0.01) | −1.95 | 0.05 | −4.57 (−15.4, 6.3) | −0.83 | 0.41 |
| Functional impairment | 0.004 (−0.003, 0.01) | 1.10 | 0.27 | −0.002 (−0.01, 0.01) | −0.41 | 0.68 | 0.26 (0.04, 0.5) | 2.30 | 0.02 |
| NSSI behavior | −0.30 (−0.76, 0.17) | −1.26 | 0.21 | −0.18 (−0.54, 0.19) | −0.95 | 0.35 | −1.97 (−13.3, 9.4) | −0.34 | 0.73 |
| Offspring self-reported measures at the time of TSST | |||||||||
| Depression symptomatology | −0.004 (−0.02, 0.01) | −0.54 | 0.59 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | 1.18 | 0.24 | −0.61 (−1.4, 0.1) | −1.62 | 0.11 |
| Impulsive aggression | −0.04 (−0.13, 0.04) | −1.03 | 0.31 | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.06) | −0.48 | 0.63 | −1.72 (−4.9, 1.4) | −1.08 | 0.28 |
| Childhood abuse/neglect | −0.17 (−0.38, 0.04) | −1.60 | 0.11 | −0.07 (−0.23, 0.09) | −0.87 | 0.39 | −2.52 (−10.2, 5.1) | −0.65 | 0.52 |
| Offspring TSST measures | |||||||||
| Time of day | −1.35 (−2.78, 0.09) | −1.86 | 0.07 | −1.45 (−2.83, −0.07) | −2.07 | 0.04 | 43.43 (−19.8, 106.7) | 1.36 | 0.18 |
| Habitual smoking | −0.21 (−0.43, 0.005) | −1.93 | 0.06 | −0.07 (−0.29, 0.14) | −0.67 | 0.50 | −8.17 (−15.3, −1.02) | −2.26 | 0.03 |
| Smoking on day of TSST | −0.08 (−0.37, 0.22) | −0.51 | 0.61 | 0.06 (−0.21, 0.34) | 0.47 | 0.64 | −11.90 (−21.8, −2.1) | −2.40 | 0.02 |
| Current alcohol/substance use | 0.01 (−0.22, 0.24) | 0.09 | 0.93 | 0.10 (−0.11, 0.31) | 0.94 | 0.35 | −4.06 (−13.43, 5.3) | −0.86 | 0.39 |
| Pre-task POMS (−10) | −0.001 (−0.01, 0.002) | −0.74 | 0.46 | 0.001 (−0.003, 0.01) | 0.53 | 0.60 | −0.19 (−0.33, −0.06) | −2.77 | 0.006 |
| Change in POMS score, post (15)—pre-task (−10) | −0.0001(−0.01, 0.01) | −0.04 | 0.97 | −0.0001 (−0.004, 0.004) | −0.04 | 0.97 | −0.01 (−0.18, 0.18) | −0.06 | 0.95 |
| Change in POMS score, rest (40)—pre-task (−10) | −0.003 (−0.01, 0.004) | −0.93 | 0.35 | −0.004 (−0.01, 0.003) | −1.14 | 0.26 | 0.05 (−0.27, 0.37) | 0.30 | 0.76 |
| Offspring treatment at the time of the TSST | |||||||||
| Use of psychotropic medicationsd | −0.29 (−0.53, −0.06) | −2.44 | 0.02 | −0.24 (−0.46, −0.03) | −2.24 | 0.03 | 3.21 (−6.3, 12.7) | 0.67 | 0.51 |
| Use of non-psychotropic medicationd | −0.09 (−0.28, 0.10) | −0.96 | 0.34 | −0.10 (−0.29, 0.10) | −0.98 | 0.33 | −4.03 (−11.7, 3.7) | −1.04 | 0.30 |
| Psychotherapy | −0.19 (−0.39, 0.01) | −1.90 | 0.06 | −0.07 (−0.26, 0.13) | −0.66 | 0.51 | −3.45 (−11.4, 4.5) | −0.86 | 0.39 |
| Proband lifetime psychiatric diagnoses | |||||||||
| Bipolar disordere | −0.09 (−0.29, 0.11) | −0.90 | 0.37 | −0.12 (−0.29, 0.06) | −1.33 | 0.19 | 3.12 (−4.7, 10.9) | 0.79 | 0.43 |
| Suicide attempt | −0.18 (−0.35, −0.01) | −2.13 | 0.04 | −0.11 (−0.27, 0.05) | −1.30 | 0.20 | −4.98 (−11.6, 1.6) | −1.49 | 0.14 |
Abbreviations: NSSI, non-suicidal self-injurious behavior; POMS, Profile of Mood States.
a
Total cortisol output=ln(AUCG).
b
Baseline or pre-task cortisol=ln(Cort−10).
c
Cortisol reactivity=AUCI.
d
Dummy variables for medication use with no medication as the reference category.
e
Compared with unipolar, the reference category. Bold values indicate p<0.05.