Table 2.
Ref. | Sample | Injury definition | Sensitivity | Specificity | +LR | -LR |
Kiesel et al[22] | 46 male professional American football players | Athletic performance injury requiring injury reserve and time loss of 3 wk | 54% | 91% | NR | NR |
Chorba et al[23] | 38 female Division II athletes | Athletic performance injury requiring intervention | 58% | 74% | 2.20 | NR |
O’Connor et al[24] | 874 male Officer candidates | Any injury: Physical training injury requiring intervention | 45% | 78% | NR | NR |
Overuse injury: Long term repetitive energy exchange with cumulative microtrauma | 12% | 90% | NR | NR | ||
Serious injury: Physical training injury requiring removal from training | 12% | 94% | NR | NR | ||
Butler et al[25] | 108 firefight trainees | Physical training injury with time loss of 3 consecutive days | 84% | 62% | 2.20 | 0.26 |
Warren et al[26] | 195 male and females Division I athletes | Athletic performance injury requiring intervention | 54% | 46% | NR | NR |
Garrison et al[27] | 160 male and females Division I athletes | Athletic performance injury requiring intervention, and 24 h missed time or splinting, to continue participation | 67% | 73% | 2.51 | 0.45 |
Hotta et al[28] | 84 competitive male runners | Physical training injury with time loss of 4 wk | 73% | 54% | NR | NR |
Knapik et al[29] | 1045 male and female military cadets | Physical training injury | 55% | 49% | NR | NR |
McGill et al[30] | 53 elite police officer | Back injury not due to specific acute incidents | 28% | 76% | NR | NR |
All injury | 42% | 47% | NR | NR |
LR: Likelihood ratio.