Table 3.
Clinical Characteristics of LRP5 HBM Cases, Non‐LRP5 HBM Cases, and Family Controls Adjusted for Age, Gender, Menopausal Status, and Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Women, and Height
| LRP5 HBM (n = 11) mean (95% CI) | Non‐LRP5 HBM (n = 347) mean (95% CI) | Controls (n = 200) mean (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shoe size a | 8.04 (7.21–8.86) | 7.47 (7.27–7.68) | 7.25 (7.03–7.47) |
| Total hip BMD Z‐score | 6.18 (5.43–6.94) | 2.89 (2.71–3.08)** | 0.54 (0.34–0.75)** |
| L1 BMD Z‐score | 5.97 (5.08–6.87) | 3.62 (3.4–3.84)** | 0.42 (0.17–0.66)** |
| TB BMD (mg/cm2) b | 1.70 (1.64–1.77) | 1.35 (1.33–1.37)** | 1.18 (1.16–1.20)** |
| TB lean mass (kg) b | 48.2 (43.8–52.6) | 49.4 (48.3–50.5) | 47.5 (46.3–48.6) |
| TB fat mass (kg) b | 36.4 (28.3–44.5) | 35.3 (33.3–37.2) | 30.3 (28.1–32.4) |
| TB android fat mass (kg) b | 3.39 (2.44–4.33) | 3.46 (3.22–3.69) | 2.88 (2.62–3.13) |
| TB gynoid fat mass (kg) b | 6.45 (5.29–7.61) | 5.59 (5.31–5.87) | 5.1 (4.79–5.41)* |
| Glucose c | 6.1 (4.3–7.8) | 6.2 (5.7–6.7) | 6.0 (5.4–6.7) |
| Adjusted calcium | 2.47 (2.42–2.53) | 2.41 (2.39–2.42)* | 2.41 (2.40–2.43)* |
| Phosphate | 1.12 (0.72–1.51) | 1.23 (1.14–1.33) | 1.10 (0.99–1.20) |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 74.1 (55.9–92.4) | 81.0 (76.5–85.4) | 84.2 (79.3–89.1) |
| P1NP (µg/L) | 41.2 (28.5–54.0) | 35.7 (32.6–38.8) | 37.6 (34.2–41.1) |
| CTX (µg/L) | 0.22 (0.12–0.31) | 0.19 (0.17–0.22) | 0.23 (0.20–0.25) |
| Osteocalcin (total) (µg/L) | 18.4 (13.4–23.5) | 17.1 (15.9–18.3) | 19.5 (18.1–20.9) |
| Tibial trabecular bone density (mg HA/cm) d | 296.4 (257.0–335.9) | 210.9 (198.5–223.4)** | 175.2 (161.8–188.7)** |
| Tibial number of trabeculae (1/mm) d | 2.67 (2.33–3.00) | 2.28 (2.17–2.38)* | 2.17 (2.06–2.29)* |
| Tibial trabecular thickness (mm) d | 0.09 (0.08–0.11) | 0.08 (0.07–0.08) | 0.07 (0.06–0.07)* |
| Tibial cortical thickness (mm) d | 2.54 (2.18–2.91) | 1.28 (1.16–1.39)** | 1.05 (0.92–1.17)** |
HBM = high bone mass; TB = total body.
a
n = 468 for UK shoe size.
b
Total body DXA measures: n = 8 for LRP5 HBM, 199 for non‐LRP5 HBM, 126 for controls.
c
n = 247 for finger‐prick blood glucose.
d
HRpQCT measures: n = 4 for LRP5 HBM, 59 for non‐LRP5 HBM, 36 for controls.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001 when compared with LRP5 HBM cases.