Figure 6.

Fold change in gene expression induced by three different calcium signatures with three binding affinities between the active complex 4Ca²⁺–CaM–CAMTA and DNA in Arabidopsis thaliana. The delay time between calcium signature and gene expression is 600 s for all three calcium signatures. (a) Binding affinity (K _d) is 1.1 × 10⁻² μM. Both oscillatory and transient calcium signatures induce c. 2‐fold gene expression increase at 1 h, while the prolonged calcium signature induces c. 1.05‐fold gene expression increase at 1 h. (b) Binding affinity (K _d) is 1.1 × 10⁻³ μM. Oscillatory, transient and prolonged calcium signatures induce c. 43‐, 12‐ and 9‐fold gene expression increases at 1 h, respectively. (c) Binding affinity (K _d) is 1.1 × 10⁻¹ μM. Oscillatory, transient and prolonged calcium signatures all induce < 1.02‐fold gene expression increases at 1 h. CAMTA, calmodulin‐binding transcription activator; CaM, calmodulin.