Table 1.

Characteristics of mothers and children enrolled in the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort, and the percentage analysed according to the maternal exposures (Pelotas, Southern Brazil)

	Pregnancy BMI			GWG
	n = 4231	n = 3156 (located)	P‐value	n = 3129 (located)	P‐value
Family income (quintiles)	–	–	<0.001	–	<0.001
1 (poorest)	872 (20.6)	578 (66.3)	–	568 (65.14)	–
2	855 (20.2)	638 (74.6)	–	631 (73.80)	–
3	816 (19.3)	641 (78.6)	–	639 (78.31)	–
4	858 (20.3)	681 (79.4)	–	676 (78.8)	–
5 (wealthiest)	830 (19.6)	618 (74.5)	–	615 (74.1)	–
Schooling (years)	–	–	<0.001	–	<0.001
Up to 4	655 (15.6)	424 (64.7)	–	419 (64.0)	–
5–8	1731 (41.3)	1305 (75.4)	–	1287 (74.4)	–
9–11	1382 (33.0)	1091 (78.9)	–	1088 (78.7)	–
≥12	420 (10.0)	309 (73.6)	–	308 (73.3)	–
Maternal skin colour	–	–	0.001	–	<0.001
White	2582 (61.7)	1982 (76.8)	–	1971 (76.3)	–
Black	689 (16.5)	495 (71.8)	–	488 (70.8)	–
Mulatto/Brown	869 (20.8)	614 (70.7)	–	605 (69.6)	–
Others	43 (1.0)	32 (74.4)	–	32 (74.4)	–
Maternal age (years)	–	–	0.36	–	0.5
<20	800 (18.9)	612 (76.5)	–	605 (75.6)	–
20–35	2987 (70.6)	2212 (74.1)	–	2195 (73.5)	–
>35	442 (10.5)	332 (75.1)	–	329 (74.4)	–
Primiparity	1666 (39.4)	1311 (78.7)	<0.001	1303 (78.2)	<0.001
Smoking (pregnancy)	1162 (27.5)	838 (72.1)	0.02	827 (71.2)	0.01
Child's sex	–	–	0.7	–	0.89
Boy	2196 (51.9)	1633 (74.4)	–	1622 (73.9)	–
Girl	2035 (48.1)	1523 (74.8)	–	1507 (74.1)	–
Gestational age (weeks)	–	–	<0.001	–	<0.001
<37	613 (14.5)	387 (63.1)	–	387 (61.7)	–
37–42	3468 (82.2)	2664 (76.8)	–	2562 (76.3)	–
>42	136 (3.2)	103 (75.7)	–	103 (75.7)	–
Birthweight (g)	–	–	<0.001	–	<0.001
<2500	424 (10.0)	237 (60.0)	–	231 (54.5)	–
2500–4000	3615 (85.5)	2773 (76.7)	–	2753 (76.2)	–
>4000	189 (4.5)	146 (77.3)	–	145 (76.7)	–

BMI, body mass index; GWG, gestational weight gain.