Table 1.

Season of birth associations with birth weight, adult height and BMI in men and women, and age at menarche in women: UK Biobank study (max N: 452,399).

		Spring		Summer		Autumn		Winter
	Sample N	Beta (SE)	P	Beta (SE)	P	Beta (SE)	P	Beta (SE)	P
Birth weight (SDs)
All	255769	−0.02 (0.004)	3.5E–07	0.03 (0.005)#	8.0E–10	0.05 (0.005)	5.6E–25	−0.05 (0.005)#	3.8E–29
Men	100128	−0.02 (0.007)	1.9E–02	0.02 (0.007)	2.0E–02	0.04 (0.007)	1.3E–07	−0.04 (0.007)	2.1E–07
Women	155641	−0.03 (0.006)	3.5E–06	0.04 (0.006)	1.2E–09	0.05 (0.006)	2.7E–19	−0.06 (0.006)	1.2E–24
Age at Menarche (years)
Women	238014	0.03 (0.007)	9.4E–06	0.11 (0.008)	1.1E–45	−0.09 (0.008)	2.5E–34	−0.05 (0.008)	1.0E–11
+ adj Birthweight (BW)	152477	0.04 (0.009)	1.2E–04	0.09 (0.009)	3.3E–24	−0.09 (0.01)	7.1E–20	−0.05 (0.009)	1.6E–07
Adult Height (cm)
All	451435	0.05 (0.021)	1.2E–02	0.12 (0.021)	6.5E–09	−0.05 (0.022)	1.7E–02	−0.13 (0.022)	1.2E–09
+ adj BW	255160	0.05 (0.027)	9.5E–02	0.1 (0.028)	1.6E–04	−0.11 (0.028)	8.4E–05	−0.05 (0.028)	9.7E–02
Men	206995	0.09 (0.032)	4.0E–03	0.13 (0.033)	1.2E–04	−0.08 (0.034)	1.5E–02	−0.15 (0.033)	6.7E–06
Women	244344	0.02 (0.027)	5.1E–01	0.11 (0.028)	3.8E–05	−0.02 (0.028)	4.0E–01	−0.11 (0.028)	6.1E–05
+ adj Menarche	237259	0.01 (0.028)	7.0E–01	0.07 (0.028)	1.0E–02	0.01 (0.029)	7.7E–01	−0.09 (0.028)	1.0E–03
+ adj BW & Menarche	152106	0.01 (0.034)	7.7E–01	0.07 (0.034)	5.1E–02	−0.07 (0.035)	5.5E–02	−0.01 (0.035)	7.0E–01
Adult BMI (kg/m2)
All	452,399	0.02 (0.015)	2.4E–01	0 (0.016)	8.7E–01	−0.03 (0.016)	6.8E–02	0.01 (0.016)	4.4E–01

Spring (March–April–May), Summer (June–July–August), Autumn (September–October–November) and Winter (December–January–February).

^#Denotes significant heterogeneity (I² P < 0.05) between men and women.