Table 4.
Comparisons of factors associated with bed net ownership between the highland holo-endemic site and the highland seasonal transmission sites in western Kenya
| Highland seasonal transmission adjusted OR (95 % CI) (n = 1923) | Lowland holo-endemic adjusted OR (95 % CI) (n = 1332) | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Children under five in household | 1.8 (1.5, 2.3), p < 0.0001 | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1), p = 0.0007 |
| Pregnant woman in household | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1), p = 0.37 | 1.4 (1.0, 2.0), p = 0.08 |
| Female household head education level | ||
| No school | Ref | Ref |
| Primary | 1.7 (1.2, 2.5), p = 0.005 | (0.7, 1.6), p = 0.65 |
| Secondary | 2.3 (1.5, 3.4), p < 0.0001 | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6), p = 0.75 |
| More than secondary | 3.8 (2.1, 6.9), p < 0.0001 | 1.6 (0.9, 2.9), p = 0.10 |
| Durable good ownership | ||
| Radio | 0.7 (0.6, 1.0), p = 0.05 | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7), p = 0.22 |
| Stove | 1.7 (1.0, 2.7), p = 0.06 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.5), p = 0.32 |
| TV | 1.2 (0.7, 2.1), p = 0.44 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.5), p = 0.62 |
| Indoor lighting | 1.1 (0.6, 2.1), p = 0.70 | 1.5 (0.9, 2.3), p = 0.09 |
| Bike | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3), p = 0.51 | 1.5 (1.2, 1.9), p = 0.002 |
| Sofa set | 0.9 (0.6, 1.5). 0.68 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4), p = 0.92 |
| Bed set | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6), p < 0.0001 | 1.8 (1.1, 3.0), p = 0.01 |
| Wealth group | ||
| Very low | Ref | Ref |
| Low | 1.4 (0.8, 2.4), p = 0.23 | 1.0 (0.6, 1.8), p = 0.97 |
| Medium | 1.5 (0.9, 2.6), p = 0.10 | 1.0 (0.6, 1.8), p = 0.96 |
| High | 2.1 (0.8, 4.8), p = 0.10 | 1.1 (0.5, 2.4), p = 0.79 |
| Malaria knowledge | ||
| Malaria transmitted by mosquitoes | 1.3 (0.3, 5.4), p = 0.68 | 0.3 (0.04, 2.5), p = 0.27 |
| Fever a symptom of malaria | 1.4 (0.8, 2.6), p = 0.25 | Undef. |
| Malaria prevented by bed nets | 1.5 (0.6, 3.5), p = 0.34 | Undef. |
| Malaria perception of risk | ||
| Family at risk of malaria | 3.5 (1.5, 8.2), p = 0.004 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.2), p = 0.16 |
| Malaria is serious | 2.7 (1.7, 4.1), p < 0.0001 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4), p = 0.45 |
| Children are more at risk than adults | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5), p = 0.62 | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2), p = 0.35 |
| People in my community concerned about malaria | 0.4 (0.2, 0.8), p = 0.01 | 0.5 (0.3, 1.1), p = 0.09 |
| Malaria history | ||
| Known someone who died of malaria | 1.3 (1.0, 1.6), p = 0.03 | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1), p = 0.17 |
| Known someone with severe complications of malaria | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7), p = 0.02 | 1.3 (0.9, 1.7), p = 0.15 |
| Attitude towards bed nets as a prevention strategy | ||
| Community believes bed nets are good way to prevent malaria | 1.0 (0.6, 1.7), p = 0.90 | 1.3 (0.4, 2.8), p = 0.63 |
| Community rather buy other things than bed net | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0), p = 0.07 | 0.6 (0.4, 1.0), p = 0.04 |
| Community thinks bed nets purchased better than free | 1.0 (0.6, 1.9), p = 0.93 | 1.5 (0.9, 2.3), p = 0.09 |
| Householder believes bed net is beneficial | 1.1 (0.6, 1.9), p = 0.75 | 1.5 (0.3, 7.5), p = 0.67 |
| Bed nets are a good way to prevent malaria | 1.5 (0.6, 3.5), p = 0.34 | 0.8 (0.3, 2.2), p = 0.67 |
| Householder believes bed nets bought are better than free | 0.9 (0.7, 1.4), p = 0.54 | 0.5 (0.3, 1.0), p = 0.04 |
| Attitudes towards bed net access | ||
| Same chance of obtaining a bed net | 0.9 (0.7, 1.6), p = 0.74 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.8), p = 0.33 |
| Bed net is easy to get | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7), p = 0.13 | 1.8 (1.3, 2.5), p = 0.0009 |
| Could not afford a bed net if not free | 0.7 (0.5, 0.8), p = 0.001 | 1.9 (1.3, 2.8), p = 0.0005 |
| Use of other prevention methods | ||
| House has indoor residual spray | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4), p = 0.32 | 1.8 (1.4, 2.3), p < 0.0001 |
Italics indicate a p-value is <0.05
All results presented are from a multivariate logistic regression model stratified by site