Table 3.
Prevalence odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for metabolic syndromes according to urinary phthalate metabolites in men and women
| Overall population | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 2719) | (n = 1388) | (n = 1331) | ||||
| Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 1a | Model 2c | Model 1a | Model 2c | |
| MEP | ||||||
| Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Q2 | 1.07 (0.82, 1.40) | 1.16 (0.88, 1.54) | 0.92 (0.63, 1.34) | 0.98 (0.66, 1.45) | 1.21 (0.84, 1.75) | 1.46 (0.97, 2.19) |
| Q3 | 0.94 (0.69, 1.27) | 0.98 (0.71, 1.37) | 0.97 (0.62, 1.53) | 0.97 (0.58, 1.61) | 0.86 (0.59, 1.27) | 1.02 (0.66, 1.56) |
| Q4 | 1.20 (0.91, 1.59) | 1.18 (0.88, 1.59) | 1.33 (0.90, 1.96) | 1.35 (0.87, 2.11) | 1.04 (0.71, 1.51) | 1.11 (0.72, 1.72) |
| MBzP | ||||||
| Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Q2 | 1.33 (1.00, 1.75) | 1.40 (1.04, 1.89) | 1.25 (0.83, 1.87) | 1.19 (0.75, 1.87) | 1.34 (0.96, 1.88) | 1.55 (1.07, 2.26) |
| Q3 | 1.27 (0.92, 1.78) | 1.37 (0.96, 1.96) | 1.04 (0.68, 1.59) | 1.01 (0.63, 1.63) | 1.49 (0.95, 2.35) | 1.71 (1.05, 2.80) |
| Q4 | 1.27 (0.86, 1.86) | 1.44 (0.98, 2.12) | 1.03 (0.62, 1.70) | 1.08 (0.65, 1.79) | 1.46 (0.90, 2.36) | 1.69 (0.97, 2.93) |
| MnBP | ||||||
| Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Q2 | 1.23 (0.92, 1.66) | 1.21 (0.90, 1.63) | 1.10 (0.73, 1.64) | 1.06 (0.71, 1.58) | 1.35 (0.95, 1.91) | 1.31 (0.90, 1.89) |
| Q3 | 0.97 (0.71, 1.33) | 0.94 (0.67, 1.33) | 0.66 (0.41, 1.07) | 0.57 (0.34, 0.96) | 1.37 (0.99, 1.90) | 1.45 (0.98, 2.16) |
| Q4 | 1.23 (0.88, 1.73) | 1.22 (0.85, 1.75) | 1.37 (0.87, 2.17) | 1.43 (0.85, 2.40) | 1.09 (0.69, 1.74) | 1.03 (0.60, 1.77) |
| MCPP | ||||||
| Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Q2 | 1.09 (0.82, 1.45) | 1.05 (0.77, 1.44) | 1.09 (0.74, 1.61) | 0.96 (0.62, 1.49) | 1.04 (0.71, 1.52) | 1.05 (0.71, 1.57) |
| Q3 | 1.02 (0.72, 1.43) | 0.94 (0.65, 1.34) | 0.91 (0.60, 1.38) | 0.75 (0.48, 1.18) | 1.07 (0.68, 1.68) | 0.97 (0.57, 1.66) |
| Q4 | 1.25 (0.91, 1.72) | 1.12 (0.80, 1.56) | 1.30 (0.85, 2.01) | 0.99 (0.63, 1.58) | 1.11 (0.72, 1.70) | 1.08 (0.68, 1.71) |
| MiBP | ||||||
| Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Q2 | 1.04 (0.78, 1.38) | 1.07 (0.78, 1.47) | 0.91 (0.64, 1.30) | 0.94 (0.63, 1.38) | 1.14 (0.73, 1.78) | 1.13 (0.71, 1.81) |
| Q3 | 0.88 (0.64, 1.20) | 0.88 (0.61, 1.27) | 0.72 (0.46, 1.12) | 0.72 (0.43, 1.19) | 1.03 (0.66, 1.61) | 1.04 (0.64, 1.70) |
| Q4 | 1.14 (0.86, 1.52) | 1.28 (0.91, 1.80) | 0.98 (0.69, 1.40) | 1.05 (0.66, 1.65) | 1.25 (0.74, 2.09) | 1.40 (0.77, 2.55) |
| ∑DEHP | ||||||
| Q1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Q2 | 1.62 (1.25, 2.11) | 1.64 (1.24, 2.17) | 1.69 (1.23, 2.34) | 1.60 (1.11, 2.31) | 1.52 (1.07, 2.17) | 1.58 (1.09, 2.29) |
| Q3 | 1.55 (1.16, 2.09) | 1.64 (1.22, 2.22) | 1.71 (1.17, 2.51) | 1.69 (1.16, 2.46) | 1.38 (0.86, 2.22) | 1.43 (0.89, 2.29) |
| Q4 | 1.59 (1.12, 2.25) | 1.94 (1.35, 2.80) | 1.87 (1.19, 2.94) | 2.20 (1.32, 3.68) | 1.27 (0.78, 2.06) | 1.50 (0.89, 2.52) |
aAdjusted for urinary creatinine
bAdjusted for urinary creatinine, age, sex, race/ethnicity, total caloric intake, education, physical activity, smoking, and poverty
cAdjusted for the same variables in b except sex