Table 2.
Baseline data of the included patients with TBI
| Characteristics | All (n = 40) | Improvement (n = 24) | Deterioration (n = 16) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 51.9 ± 3.1 | 49.1 ± 4.0 | 56.2 ± 5.1 | 0.2724 |
| Sex (Male/Female) | 24/16 | 14/10 | 10/6 | 0.7922 |
| Time from injury to admission (hours) | 5.96 ± 0.94 | 5.79 ± 1.09 | 6.22 ± 1.73 | 0.8982 |
| Glasgow Coma Scale score | 12.6 ± 0.5 | 14.3 ± 0.2 | 10.1 ± 1.0 | 0.0000 |
| Anisocoria, n (%) | 6 (15.0) | 1 (4.2) | 5 (31.2) | 0.0422 |
| Loss of consciousness ≥ 30 min, n (%) | 12 (30.0) | 3 (12.5) | 9 (56.2) | 0.0058 |
| Mechanism of injury, n (%) | ||||
| Falls | 4 (10.0) | 3 (12.5) | 1 (6.2) | 0.5264 |
| Stumble | 11 (27.5) | 7 (29.2) | 4 (25.0) | 0.7727 |
| Syncope | 3 (7.5) | 0 (0) | 3 (18.8) | 0.1009 |
| Traffic accidents | 20 (50.0) | 12 (50.0) | 8 (50.0) | 1.0000 |
| Violence | 2 (5.0) | 2 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 0.4117 |
| Computed tomography finding, n (%) | ||||
| Extradural hematoma | 8 (20.0) | 1 (4.2) | 7 (43.8) | 0.0113 |
| Subdural hematoma | 14 (35.0) | 8 (33.3) | 6 (37.5) | 0.7867 |
| Subarachmoid hemorrhage | 27 (67.5) | 17 (63.0) | 10 (62.5) | 0.5822 |
| Intracerebral hematoma | 11 (27.5) | 7 (29.2) | 4 (25.0) | 0.7727 |
| Brain contusion | 24 (60.0) | 14 (58.3) | 10 (62.5) | 0.7922 |
| Skull fracture | 11 (27.5) | 6 (25.0) | 5 (31.2) | 0.6650 |
| Collision region, n (%) | ||||
| Frontal | 8 (20.0) | 5 (20.8) | 3 (18.8) | 0.8718 |
| Occipital | 14 (35.0) | 10 (41.7) | 4 (25.0) | 0.2834 |
| Parietal | 7 (17.5) | 3 (12.5) | 4 (25.0) | 0.3161 |
| Temporal | 11 (27.5) | 5 (20.8) | 6 (37.5) | 0.2527 |
| Facial | 4 (10.0) | 4 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 0.1947 |
| Type of injury, n (%) | ||||
| Open | 10 (25.0) | 6 (25.0) | 4 (25.0) | 1.0000 |
| Closed | 30 (75.0) | 18 (75.0) | 12 (75.0) | 1.0000 |
| Injury severity, n (%) | ||||
| Mild | 28 (70.0) | 23 (95.8) | 5 (31.2) | 0.0007 |
| Moderate | 5 (12.5) | 1 (4.2) | 4 (25.0) | 0.0826 |
| Severe | 7 (17.5) | 0 (0) | 7 (43.8) | 0.0155 |
TBI: Traumatic brain injury.