Table 1.
Specific issues of cancer in various degrees of kidney dysfunction
| Authors | Study source | n | Follow-up (median, years) | Death |
Common site of malignancy and comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Malignancy-related (%) | |||||
| CKD 3–5 stages | ||||||
| Lai et al. [10] | Chinese prospective cohort study | 739 | 4.5 | 18 | 35.7 | NA |
| Dubose et al. [11] | Case-matched, retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of Louisiana | 1223 | 5 | Five-year OS, 75% (CKD) versus 85% (non-CKD), P = 0.47; 5-year DFS, 64% CKD versus 81% (non-CKD), P = 0.45 |
Study on breast cancer. CKD does not appear to have a significant impact on outcomes in patients with breast cancer | |
| Weng et al. [12] | Four health screening centres in Taiwan | 123 717 | 7.06 | 2710 | 41.2 | Lung, kidney, and urinary tract increased mortality due to cancer incidence/worse response to cancer treatment |
| Dialysis | ||||||
| Chantrel et al. [13] | Registre REIN | 63 311 | 9 | 21 818 | 10.5 | NA |
| Rosa-Diez et al. [14] | RLADTR | 543 669 000 | 20 | NA | 10 | NA |
| Renal transplant | ||||||
| Webster et al. [15] | Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry | 15 185 | 7.2 | NA | 1642 | Cancer rates in kidney recipients are similar to non-transplanted people 20–30 years older, but absolute risk differs across patient groups |
| Kiberd et al. [16] | URSDS | 164 078 | 5.05 | 1937 | 3 | Up to 25% of cancer-related deaths occurred after allograft failure. Cancer is a major cause of premature death in all kidney transplant recipients |
| Koukourgianni et al. [17] | French single-centre experience | 240 | 20 | NA | 16 cancers, mortality rate of 25% | PTLPD, lymphoma, renal papillary carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, ovarian seminoma, renal cancer |
| Ma et al. [18] | Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry | 7040 | 4.4 | NA | 468 due to cancer (6.6%) | Genitourinary, PTPLD. Recipients of expanded criteria deceased-donor kidneys are at substantially increased risk of cancer, especially cancers with a viral aetiology |
| Farrugia et al. [9] | English retrospective observational cohort study | 19 103 | 4.4 | 2085 | 18.0 | Increased age, pretransplant history of malignancy and deceased-donor kidney transplantation are independent risks for post-transplant death from malignancy |
CKD, chronic kidney disease; NA, not available; OS, overall survival; DFS, disease-free survival; PTLPD, post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease; RLADTR, Latin American Dialysis and Renal Transplant Registry; USRDS, United States Renal Data System (between January 1990 and December2004).