Table 3.
Use of TZDs and risk of total knee or total hip replacement in current users of antidiabetic drugs, stratified by number of TZD prescription before surgery
| TKR (n = 89 536) | THR (n = 99 682) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD use* | Number of cases n = 44 768 | Number of controls n = 44 768 | Crude OR (95% CI) | Fully adjusted ORa (95% CI) | Number of cases n = 49 841 | Number of controls n = 49 841 | Crude OR (95% CI) | Fully adjusted ORb (95% CI) |
| Current AD use | 3623 | 3252 | 2748 | 3272 | ||||
| AD use excluding TZD | 3111 | 2861 | ref | Ref | 2461 | 2889 | ref | ref |
| TZD use | 512 | 391 | 1.21 (1.05, 1.39) | 1.03 (0.88, 1.22) | 287 | 383 | 0.88 (0.75, 1.04) | 0.90 (0.75, 1.08) |
| By number of TZD prescriptions ever before TJR surgery | ||||||||
| 1–4 | 45 | 47 | 0.88 (0.58, 1.33) | 1.04 (0.65, 1.69) | 15 | 51 | 0.35 (0.20, 0.62) | 0.32 (0.16, 0.63) |
| 5–8 | 48 | 29 | 1.53 (0.96, 2.43) | 1.45 (0.86, 2.46) | 38 | 43 | 1.04 (0.67, 1.62) | 1.30 (0.78, 2.16) |
| 9–14 | 68 | 50 | 1.25 (0.86, 1.81) | 1.36 (0.87, 2.11) | 34 | 47 | 0.85 (0.55, .33) | 0.78 (0.47, 1.28) |
| 15–29 | 157 | 113 | 1.28 (1.00, 1.63) | 1.00 (0.75, 1.33) | 90 | 97 | 1.09 (0.81, 1.46) | 1.04 (0.75, 1.45) |
| ≥30 | 194 | 152 | 1.18 (0.95, 1.48) | 0.90 (0.70, 1.15) | 110 | 145 | 0.89 (0.69, 1.15) | 0.93 (0.70, 1.23) |
Numbers may not add up, patients not using antidiabetic drugs are not shown, but were included in the analyses.
Adjusted for smoking status and BMI. Drug use in previous 6 months: statins, RAAS inhibitors, non‐selective NSAIDs. Most recent value in previous year for HbA1c and fasting glucose. Stratified variables were excluded as confounder in the analyses stratified by that variable.
Adjusted for BMI. Drug use in previous 6 months: non‐selective NSAIDs and COX2‐selective NSAIDs. History of retinopathy in 5 years prior to TJR. Most recent value in previous year for HbA1c. Stratified variables were excluded as confounder in the analyses stratified by that variable. TZD thiazolidinedione, AD antidiabetic drug, TKR total knee replacement, THR total hip replacement, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, TJR total joint replacement, RAAS renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system, NSAID non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, COX cyclooxygenase