Fig. S1.

Illustration of the typical procedure of the nanoliter cryoscopy measurements. (a) A nanoliter sample droplet immersed in an oil droplet is rapidly cooled to −40 °C to form polycrystalline ice. (b) The sample is slowly melted to form a single ice crystal (c) which is held just below the melting point of the sample. (d) The sample is slowly cooled until a sudden ice crystal burst is observed. The TH is defined as the difference between the melting point of the solution and the temperature at which the ice crystal burst is observed. A single ice crystal shown in the micrographs is cooled from −0.2 °C (I) to −0.3 °C (IV) at a rate of 0.05 °C/min, in a solution of fish type III AFP from Notched-fin eelpout (0.04 mM). Micrographs are adapted from ref. 61.