Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pancreas. 2016 May-Jun;45(5):659–670. doi: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000000522

Figure 7. Effect of inhibiting gremlin action on the effects of TGF-β and PTHrP on IL-6 and ICAM-1 levels in AR42J cells.

Figure 7

(A) Western blot analysis for pSmad3 and total Smad3 levels in cells pre-incubated with a neutralizing anti-gremlin antibody (3 μg/ml) for 2 h, then treated with gremlin (1 μg/ml) for 10 min. The figure is representative of data obtained from 3 independent experiments. (B,C) Effect of inhibiting gremlin signaling on IL-6 and ICAM-1 mRNA levels. Cells pre-treated as in (A) were treated with gremlin for 30 min. (D,E) Effect of inhibiting gremlin signaling on the TGF-β- (D) and PTHrP- (E) mediated upregulation of IL-6 and ICAM-1 levels. Cells pre-treated as in (A) were treated with TGF-β (2 h) or PTHrP (1 h). In (B–E), mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcription/real-time PCR. Values are expressed relative to the control value, set arbitrarily at 1.0. Each bar is the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *** P, < 0.001 vs. control (B–E); #, P < 0.05 vs. gremlin (B,C), TGF-β (D), or PTHrP (E) alone.