TABLE 1.
Baseline demographics of study participants stratified by fatal overdose (n = 2317).
| Characteristic | Total (%) (n = 2317) | Overdose | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (%) (n = 134) | No (%) (n = 2183) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Age | |||||
| Median (IQR£) | 37.3 (29.4-43.7) | 38.8 (31.6-42.8) | 37.2 (29.2-43.9) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 0.305 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 1546 (66.7) | 92 (68.7) | 1454 (66.6) | 1.10 (0.75, 1.60) | 0.625 |
| Female | 771 (33.3) | 42 (31.3) | 729 (33.4) | ||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Caucasian | 1419 (61.2) | 83 (61.9) | 1336 (61.2) | 1.03 (0.72, 1.48) | 0.864 |
| Other | 898 (38.8) | 51 (38.1) | 847 (38.8) | ||
| Homelessness* | |||||
| Yes | 417 (18.0) | 22 (16.4) | 395 (18.1) | 0.89 (0.56, 1.42) | 0.624 |
| No | 1900 (82.0) | 112 (83.6) | 1788 (81.9) | ||
| Incarceration* | |||||
| Yes | 351 (15.1) | 28 (20.9) | 323 (14.8) | 1.52 (0.99, 2.34) | 0.056 |
| No | 1965 (84.8) | 106 (79.1) | 1859 (85.2) | ||
| Daily cocaine injection* | |||||
| Yes | 263 (11.4) | 23 (17.2) | 240 (11.0) | 1.68 (1.05, 2.68) | 0.029 |
| No | 2054 (88.6) | 111 (82.8) | 1943 (89.0) | ||
| Daily heroin injection* | |||||
| Yes | 415 (17.9) | 27 (20.1) | 388 (17.8) | 1.17 (0.75, 1.81) | 0.486 |
| No | 1902 (82.1) | 107 (79.9) | 1795 (82.2) | ||
| Daily crack smoking* | |||||
| Yes | 563 (24.3) | 33 (24.6) | 530 (24.3) | 1.02 (0.68, 1.53) | 0.927 |
| No | 1754 (75.7) | 101 (75.4) | 1653 (75.7) | ||
| Methadone Maintenance Treatment* | |||||
| Yes | 1061 (45.8) | 51 (38.1) | 1010 (46.3) | 0.71 (0.50, 1.02) | 0.064 |
| No | 1256 (54.2) | 83 (61.9) | 1173 (53.7) | ||
| HIV serostatus | |||||
| Positive | 817 (35.3) | 61 (45.5) | 756 (34.6) | 1.58 (1.11, 2.24) | 0.010 |
| Negative | 1500 (64.7) | 73 (54.5) | 1427 (65.4) | ||
| HCV serostatus | |||||
| Positive | 2065 (89.1) | 127 (94.8) | 1938 (88.8) | 2.29 (1.06, 4.97) | 0.030 |
| Negative | 252 (10.9) | 7 (5.2) | 245 (11.2) | ||
*
Behaviours refer to activities in the last six months.
£
IQR = Inter-quartile range.
€Odds ratio is associated with 10 years increase of age.