Table 2.

Bivariate and multivariate Extended Cox regression analyses of the time to fatal overdose among cohorts of persons who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada (n = 2317).

	Unadjusted Hazard Ratio (HR)			Adjusted† Hazard Ratio (AHR)
Variable	RH	(95% CI)	p-value	ARH	(95% CI)	p-value
Non-fatal Overdose*
(yes vs. no)	1.85	(1.11 – 3.07)	0.018	1.95	(1.17 – 3.27)	0.011
Age
(per 10 years older)	1.18	(0.99 – 1.40)	0.058	1.22	(1.02 – 1.45)	0.030
Gender
(male vs. female)	1.27	(0.88 – 1.82)	0.206
Ethnicity
(Caucasian vs. other)	1.20	(0.85 – 1.70)	0.302
Homelessness*
(yes vs. no)	0.85	(0.54 – 1.34)	0.480
Incarceration*
(yes vs. no)	1.08	(0.70 – 1.66)	0.714
Daily cocaine injection*
(yes vs. no)	1.11	(0.71 – 1.74)	0.646
Daily heroin injection*
(yes vs. no)	0.81	(0.53 – 1.24)	0.327
Daily crack smoking*
(yes vs. no)	0.84	(0.57 – 1.24)	0.374
Methadone Maintenance Treatment*
(yes vs. no)	0.86	(0.61 – 1.21)	0.386
HCV serostatus
(positive vs. negative)	1.82	(0.85 – 3.90)	0.122

^*Behaviours refer to activities in the last six months.

^†Model was also adjusted for HIV serostatus.