Table 4.
Effects of corticosteroid (budesonide) and mast cell inhibitor (ketotifen) in Apoe−/− mice with concurrent productions of chronic ALI and atherosclerosis.
| Variable | Chronic ALI and atherosclerosis at the same time
|
P Saline vs. BUD |
P Saline vs. KET |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BUD (n=10) | KET (n=8) | Saline (n=8) | |||
| Measurements | |||||
| Body weight (g) | 25.11±0.40 | 26.13±0.87 | 28.59±1.05 | 0.013 | 0.093 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 105.90±3.82 | 104.38±3.37 | 95.88±3.42 | 0.068 | 0.099 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 84.00±3.58 | 80.13±2.78 | 74.13±2.93 | 0.049 | 0.160 |
| Serum lipid proteins | |||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 501.97±54.01 | 387.71±13.97 | 370.54±25.97 | 0.047 | 0.572 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 359.83±39.75 | 257.40±26.00 | 205.28±25.01 | 0.005 | 0.171 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 102.29±16.01 | 100.47±18.92 | 139.97±15.57 | 0.111 | 0.130 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 199.28±47.24 | 149.22±29.25 | 126.46±19.78 | 0.113 | 0.935 |
| Serum inflammatory proteins | |||||
| IgE (ng/mL) | 326.91±44.24 | 400.12±89.41 | 436.67±95.48 | 0.325 | 0.784 |
| IFN-γ (pg/mL) | 5.56±3.63 | 2.94±3.43 | 43.10±48.63 | 0.466 | 0.437 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 43.61±31.25 | 60.53±46.42 | 340.56±198.86 | 0.091 | 0.104 |
| Eotaxin (pg/mL) | 52.40±4.07 | 61.02±6.97 | 37.58±6.60 | 0.088 | 0.030 |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 197.17±86.72 | 120.48±17.10 | 115.01±19.27 | 0.421 | 0.835 |
| IL4 (pg/mL) | 55.06±14.87 | 71.54±12.84 | 92.38±42.85 | 0.435 | 0.653 |
| IL5 (pg/mL) | 6.50±1.87 | 4.58±1.14 | 7.71±2.10 | 0.682 | 0.109 |
| IL13 (pg/mL) | 8.98±2.60 | 11.68±3.05 | 8.70±2.80 | 0.943 | 0.484 |
| TGF-β (ng/mL) | 1.18±0.46 | 0.66±0.30 | 0.96±0.48 | 0.745 | 0.610 |
| BALF cell typing | |||||
| Total Cell in BALF (x104) | 5.16±0.48 | 8.36±0.88 | 6.75±1.40 | 0.312 | 0.359 |
| Macrophage (x104) | 2.74±0.47 | 1.86±0.38 | 2.71±0.78 | 0.979 | 0.351 |
| Lymphocyte (x104) | 1.83±0.38 | 3.02±0.82 | 2.10±0.61 | 0.708 | 0.384 |
| Eosinophil (x104) | 0.59±0.11 | 2.35±0.55 | 1.91±0.57 | 0.055 | 0.580 |
| Neutrophil (x104) | 0.01±0.01 | 0.08±0.05 | 0.03 ±0.03 | 0.584 | 0.472 |
| BALF proteins | |||||
| IgE (ng/mL) | 54.74±4.39 | 53.78±9.30 | 59.18±10.56 | 0.708 | 0.707 |
| IFN-γ (pg/mL) | 467.28±25.59 | 551.86±60.84 | 581.20±63.44 | 0.064 | 0.744 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 827.00±105.25 | 692.75±78.35 | 581.91±90.61 | 0.054 | 0.372 |
| Eotaxin (pg/mL) | 41.78±3.45 | 44.68±3.55 | 37.38±1.87 | 0.304 | 0.051 |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 30.56±5.29 | 34.77±4.54 | 32.00±4.10 | 0.838 | 0.658 |
| IL4 (pg/mL) | 2.57±0.63 | 1.81±0.68 | 1.84±0.51 | 0.420 | 0.977 |
| IL5 (pg/mL) | 0.66±0.37 | 0.39±0.24 | 0.48±0.26 | 0.723 | 0.806 |
| IL13 (pg/mL) | 56.66±7.35 | 53.36±5.90 | 39.01±5.58 | 0.043 | 0.050 |
| TGF-β (pg/mL) | 217.52±32.89 | 162.75±46.39 | 227.88±37.02 | 0.841 | 0.297 |
| Atherosclerotic lesion analysis | |||||
| Area (mm2) | 0.31±0.06 | 0.33±0.04 | 0.34±0.08 | 0.765 | 0.932 |
| Macrophage (%) | 13.01±7.00 | 11.71±2.82 | 14.71±3.64 | 0.529 | 0.104 |
| Mast cell (# per section) | 1.80±0.49 | 0.50±0.27 | 4.75±0.84 | 0.011 | 0.001 |
| CD4+ T-cell (# per section) | 3.60±1.08 | 4.62±1.44 | 7.71±1.22 | 0.031 | 0.136 |
| CD4+ T-cell Adventitia | 1.60±0.45 | 1.62±0.46 | 3.57±0.81 | 0.037 | 0.039 |
| CD8+ T-cell (# per section) | 3.40±0.56 | 5.37±1.49 | 5.14±0.88 | 0.070 | 0.449 |
| CD8+ T-cell Intima | 1.00±0.30 | 1.62±0.45 | 2.43±0.65 | 0.015 | 0.341 |
| MHC-II (% ) | 3.07±1.93 | 3.22±1.54 | 4.55±4.60 | 0.444 | 0.489 |
| SMC loss (grade) | 2.50±0.36 | 2.65±0.51 | 3.13±0.52 | 0.020 | 0.049 |
| Collagen (grade) | 1.21±0.17 | 1.19±0.04 | 1.07±0.32 | 0.705 | 0.724 |
| Elastin frag. (grade) | 3.31±0.32 | 3.11±0.53 | 3.01±0.54 | 0.312 | 0.730 |
| Ki67+ cell (# per section) | 11.40±1.41 | 9.75±2.68 | 12.12±1.73 | 0.749 | 0.471 |
| Ki67+ cell adventitia | 1.80±0.66 | 1.62±0.26 | 3.25±0.59 | 0.122 | 0.031 |
| Microvessel (# per section) | 4.00±0.63 | 6.37±0.82 | 6.71±0.75 | 0.021 | 0.387 |
| TUNEL+ cell (# per section)7.30±1.32 | 7.00±1.10 | 7.86±1.42 | 0.786 | 0.656 | |
| TUNEL+ cell adventitia | 1.00±0.30 | 1.75±0.41 | 2.57±0.73 | 0.049 | 0.188 |