Table 1.
Effect of 5% weight loss on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors
| Weight maintenance (n = 14) | Weight loss (n = 19) | Interaction P-value |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Weight maintenance | Baseline | 5% weight loss | ||
| Weight (kg) | 106.6 ± 15.0 | 106.7 ± 14.7 | 106.2 ± 16.8 | 100.8 ± 16.2* | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 37.9 ± 4.4 | 38.0 ± 4.4 | 37.8 ± 4.4 | 35.9 ± 4.3* | <0.001 |
| Body fat (%) | 45.4 ± 6.3 | 45.6 ± 6.5 | 47.9 ± 4.9 | 46.3 ± 5.2* | <0.001 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 48.7 ± 11.6 | 49.0 ± 11.8 | 51.0 ± 10.1 | 46.7 ± 9.6* | <0.001 |
| Fat free mass (kg) | 57.1 (53.3, 63.4) | 56.9 (53.2, 62.4) | 53.0 (46.7, 56.8) | 51.5 (47.0, 55.5)* | 0.032 |
| Intra-abdominal adipose tissue (cm3) | 1456 ± 593 | 1585 ± 733* | 1409 ± 508 | 1294 ± 431* | 0.004 |
| Intrahepatic triglyceride (%) | 7.5 (4.1, 16.2) | 6.0 (3.4, 16.8) | 6.7 (3.3, 11.2) | 3.8 (1.5, 7.8)* | 0.023 |
| Free fatty acids, basal (mmol/L) | 0.48 (0.40, 0.52) | 0.49 (0.44, 0.59) | 0.55 (0.47, 0.58) | 0.54 (0.45, 0.66) | 0.341 |
| Glucose, basal (mg/dL) | 98 (91, 101) | 98 (93, 104) | 95 (92, 103) | 91 (88, 96)*† | 0.040 |
| Insulin, basal (mU/L) | 20.6 (15.7, 29.0) | 21.3 (19.1, 26.7) | 16.7 (13.3, 22.6) | 15.0 (9.6, 18.9)*† | 0.028 |
| SBP, 24-hour (mmHg) | 117 ± 12 | 121 ± 13 | 122 ± 11 | 118 ± 11* | 0.028 |
| DBP, 24-hour (mmHg) | 67 (58, 72) | 67 (65, 72) | 72 (66, 77) | 71 (66, 74) | 0.176 |
| Heart rate, 24-hour (bpm) | 78 ± 9 | 79 ± 6 | 78 ± 9 | 74 ± 9* | 0.034 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 107 (86, 141) | 114 (63, 158) | 153 (106, 201) | 105 (69, 162)* | 0.023 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 47 ± 17 | 46 ± 15 | 41 ± 8 | 40 ± 7 | 0.724 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 119 (88, 136) | 105 (91, 114) | 100 (90, 126) | 98 (86, 121) | 0.888 |
| Alanine transaminase (U/L) | 17.0 (12.5, 30.5) | 17.0 (14.8, 25.5) | 18.0 (13.5, 23.5) | 15.0 (12.0, 17.0)*† | 0.048 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 45.5 (25.9, 48.8) | 40.4 (27.9, 55.9) | 47.3 (25.2, 57.8) | 38.2 (26.7, 46.2)* | 0.006 |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 4.36 (2.38, 8.31) | 4.89 (2.88, 8.95) | 6.06 (4.58, 6.85) | 6.06 (4.72, 7.44) | 0.408 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 3.59 (1.21, 4.92) | 4.36 (8.21, 6.13) | 3.70 (2.34, 5.90) | 4.68 (2.38, 7.30) | 0.538 |
| Interleukin-6 (ng/mL) | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 1.5 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 0.909 |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 150 (125, 194) | 174 (149, 190)* | 136 (115, 168) | 144 (123, 166)* | 0.260 |
| WBC count (103/mL) | 6.2 ± 1.4 | 6.1 ± 1.7 | 6.8 ± 1.8 | 7.0 ± 1.7 | 0.466 |
Data are means ± SD for normally distributed variables or medians (quartile 1, quartile 3) for not normally distributed variables. The effect of time (before vs. after) and differences between groups (weight maintenance vs. weight loss) were evaluated with repeated measures analysis of variance for normally distributed variables or Friedman’s test for not normally distributed variables. Significant time-by-group interactions were followed by appropriate within- and between-group post-hoc tests.
P<0.05 vs. baseline and
P<0.05 vs. weight maintenance group after the intervention. There were no significant differences between groups at baseline.
Abbreviations: SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; WBC, white blood cell.