Table 2.
Effect of progressive weight loss on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors
| Progressive weight loss (n = 9) | Effect of time P-value |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 5% weight loss | 11% weight loss | 16% weight loss | ||
| Weight (kg)† | 103.8 ± 16.4 | 97.9 ± 15.7* | 92.5 ± 14.4* | 87.0 ± 14.9* | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)† | 37.7 ± 4.5 | 35.5 ± 4.3* | 33.6 ± 3.9* | 31.6 ± 4.1* | <0.001 |
| Body fat (%)† | 48.3 ± 4.3 | 46.3 ± 4.8* | 44.2 ± 4.5* | 42.2 ± 5.0* | <0.001 |
| Fat mass (kg)† | 50.3 ± 10.2 | 45.4 ± 9.6* | 41.1 ± 8.6* | 36.9 ± 8.8* | <0.001 |
| Fat free mass (kg)† | 53.0 (46.3, 55.6) | 51.5 (45.7, 54.1)* | 50.2 (45.2, 53.2)* | 49.0 (44.1, 51.4)* | <0.001 |
| Intra-abdominal adipose tissue (cm3)† | 1656 ± 559 | 1501 ± 469 | 1277 ± 474* | 1154 ± 457* | <0.001 |
| Intrahepatic triglyceride (%)†‡ | 8.5 (3.9, 25.9) | 7.4 (3.0, 12.5)* | 4.1 (1.1, 10.2)* | 3.0 (1.1, 5.2)* | <0.001 |
| Free fatty acids, basal (mmol/L)† | 0.56 (0.55, 0.65) | 0.56 (0.48, 0.64) | 0.49 (0.46, 0.58) | 0.47 (0.44, 0.55)* | 0.050 |
| Glucose, basal (mg/dL) | 92.7 ± 8.9 | 89.4 ± 4.9 | 89.3 ± 5.7 | 88.6 ± 2.7 | 0.288 |
| Insulin, basal (mU/L)† | 18.3 ± 7.7 | 15.5 ± 6.1 | 12.6 ± 5.5* | 9.5 ± 2.8* | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL)† | 153 ± 56 | 130 ± 71 | 110 ± 59* | 97 ± 39* | 0.003 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 43 ± 10 | 41 ± 7 | 42 ± 7 | 44 ± 7 | 0.261 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 115 (95, 135) | 98 (91, 127) | 101 (90, 136) | 91 (85, 125) | 0.162 |
| Alanine transaminase (U/L)† | 18.0 (11.5, 25.0) | 15.0 (12.0, 16.5) | 11.0 (10.0, 16.0) | 11.0 (9.5, 14.5)* | 0.015 |
| Leptin (ng/mL)† | 43.0 ± 13.5 | 32.8 ± 13.6* | 27.1 ± 9.9* | 18.6 ± 6.5* | <0.001 |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL)†‡ | 6.23 ± 2.73 | 6.34 ± 2.35 | 6.87 ± 2.63 | 8.30 ± 3.51* | <0.001 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L)†‡ | 4.69 (3.44, 7.84) | 4.74 (2.40, 11.24) | 5.47 (2.27, 8.30) | 3.14 (1.01, 4.43)* | 0.019 |
| Interleukin-6 (ng/mL) | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 0.826 |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 136 (124, 159) | 144 (127, 162) | 140 (122, 153) | 138 (129, 173) | 0.790 |
| WBC count (103/mL) | 6.8 ± 1.4 | 7.5 ± 1.5 | 7.4 ± 1.8 | 6.8 ± 1.3 | 0.056 |
Data are means ± SD for normally distributed variables or medians (quartile 1, quartile 3) for not normally distributed variables. The main effect of time was evaluated with repeated measures analysis of variance for normally distributed variables or Friedman’s test for not normally distributed variables. Significant effects of time were followed by simple contrasts to assess differences from baseline, and trend analysis to assess the linear, quadratic and cubic components of the overall time-related change.
P<0.05 vs. baseline;
P<0.05 for linear component and
P<0.05 for quadratic component.
Abbreviations: HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; WBC, white blood cell.