Table I.
Patient characteristics, early death and overall survival in patients aged 0 to 39 years with acute myeloid leukaemia in California, 1988–2011.
| Characteristics |
Total
N (%) |
Early death
N (%) |
Pa |
1-year OS
(95% CI) |
5-year OS
(95% CI) |
10-year OS*
(95% CI) |
Pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 3935 (100) | 332 (8.4) | 66.8 (65.3–68.3) | 42.8 (41.2–44.4) | 39.6 (38.0–41.3) | ||
| Calendar period | |||||||
| 1988–1995 | 1303 (33.1) | 126 (9.7) | 59.3 (56.6–62.0) | 32.9 (30.3–35.5) | 30.7 (28.3–33.3) | ||
| 1996–2003 | 1299 (33.0) | 111 (8.6) | 68.1 (65.4–70.5) | 45.8 (43.0–48.5) | 42.4 (39.6–45.1) | ||
| 2004–2011 | 1333 (33.9) | 95 (7.1) | 0.0620/0.0626 | 72.8 (70.3–75.1) | 50.0 (47.0–52.9) | 45.2 (42.5–47.9) | <0.0001/<0.0001 |
| Age at diagnosis, years | |||||||
| 0–9 | 964 (24.5) | 55 (5.7) | 73.2 (70.3–75.9) | 52.4 (49.1–55.6) | 50.0 (46.1–52.9) | ||
| 10–19 | 733 (18.6) | 52 (7.1) | 69.8 (66.3–73.0) | 44.7 (40.9–48.4) | 41.4 (37.6–45.2) | ||
| 20–29 | 951 (24.2) | 94 (9.9) | 64.8 (61.6–67.7) | 40.4 (37.2–43.7) | 37.9 (34.6–41.1) | ||
| 30–39 | 1287 (32.7) | 131 (10.2) | <0.0001/0.0003 | 61.7 (58.9–64.3) | 36.2 (33.5–38.9) | 32.6 (29.9–35.4) | <0.0001/<0.0001 |
| Median | 23 | 27 | |||||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| Non–Hispanic white | 1607 (40.8) | 131 (8.2) | 65.4 (63.0–67.7) | 44.3 (41.8–46.7) | 40.8 (38.2–43.3) | ||
| Non–Hispanic black | 276 (7.0) | 27 (9.8) | 60.7 (54.6–66.1) | 33.1 (27.4–38.8) | 31.5 (25.8–37.2) | ||
| Hispanic | 1545 (39.3) | 147 (9.5) | 68.2 (65.8–70.5) | 42.8 (40.2–45.4) | 39.6 (36.9–42.3) | ||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 507 (12.9) | 27 (5.3) | 0.0230 | 70.2 (65.9–74.0) | 42.8 (38.3–47.3) | 40.3 (35.7–44.8) | 0.0087 |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 2106 (53.5) | 188 (8.9) | 66.8 (64.7–68.8) | 41.8 (39.6–44.0) | 39.0 (36.8–41.2) | ||
| Female | 1829 (46.5) | 144 (7.9) | 0.2360 | 66.7 (64.5–68.9) | 43.9 (41.6–46.3) | 40.4 (38.0–42.8) | 0.3151 |
| Initial care at hospitals affiliated with NCI-designated cancer centres | |||||||
| Yes | 1039 (26.4) | 53 (5.1) | 72.3 (69.5–75.0) | 49.4 (46.2–52.5) | 46.8 (43.5–50.0) | ||
| No | 2896 (73.6) | 279 (9.6) | < 0.0001 | 64.8 (63.0–66.5) | 40.4 (38.6–42.3) | 37.1 (35.2–39.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Neighbourhood socioeconomic status (quintiles) | |||||||
| 1. Lowest 20% | 986 (25.1) | 108 (11.0) | 65.1 (62.0–68.4) | 42.1 (38.9–45.4) | 38.8 (35.4–42.1) | ||
| 2. | 826 (21.0) | 61 (7.9) | 68.3 (65.0–71.4) | 41.0 (37.5–44.5) | 37.7 (34.2–41.2) | ||
| 3. Middle 20% | 783 (19.9) | 64 (8.2) | 64.8 (61.3–68.0) | 40.3 (36.7–43.8) | 37.1 (33.5–40.6) | ||
| 4. | 714 (18.1) | 57 (8.0) | 68.0 (64.4–71.3) | 46.2 (42.4–50.0) | 42.9 (39.0–46.7) | ||
| 5. Highest 20% | 626 (15.9) | 42 (6.7) | 0.0180/0.0178 | 68.4 (64.6–71.9) | 45.5 (41.4–49.4) | 43.1 (39.0–47.1) | 0.1446/0.0338 |
| Health insurance status (limited to patients diagnosed in 1996–2011, N = 2632) | |||||||
| None | 99 (3.8) | 21 (21.2) | 56.3 (45.7–65.7) | 37.9 (27.7–48.0) | 37.9 (27.7–48.0) | ||
| Public | 1038 (39.4) | 78 (7.5) | 71.9 (69.0–74.5) | 47.6 (44.4–50.9) | 43.8 (40.3–47.2) | ||
| Private | 1207 (45.9) | 86 (7.1) | 71.0 (68.3–73.5) | 49.9 (47.0–52.8) | 46.5 (43.5–49.5) | ||
| Unknown/NOS | 288 (10.9) | 21 (7.3) | < 0.0001 | 67.9 (62.1–73.0) | 42.6 (36.6–48.4) | 37.1 (31.1–43.2) | 0.0045 |
Abbreviations: OS, overall survival; CI, confidence interval; NOS, not otherwise specified; NCI, National Cancer Institute.
a
The chi-squared was used to test whether early death differs among groups for each variable. For ordinal variables, the Kruskal-Wallis test also is reported (value on the right).
b
The log-rank was used to test differences in survival across strata for each variable. The log-rank test for trend also is reported for ordinal variables (value on the right)
*
Ten-year survival during 2004–2011 was estimated using the period approach.