Table III.
Relationship of sociodemographic and clinical factors to the hazard of death after acute myeloid leukaemia in patients aged 0 to 39 years in California, 1988–2011
| Characteristics |
Adjusted HR1
(95% CI) 1988–2011 |
P-value* |
Adjusted HR2
(95% CI) 1996–2011 |
P-value* |
Adjusted HR3
(95% CI) 1996–2011 |
P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calendar period | ||||||
| 1988–1995 | 1.58 (1.43–1.76) | N/A | N/A | |||
| 1996–2003 | 1.14 (1.03–1.27) | 1.14 (1.02–1.27) | 1.12 (1.00–1.25) | |||
| 2004–2011 | 1.0 (reference) | <0.0001 | 1.0 (reference | 0.0211 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.0460 |
| Age at diagnosis, years | ||||||
| 0–9 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
| 10–19 | 1.23 (1.07–1.40) | 1.28 (1.08–1.52) | 1.28 (1.07–1.51) | |||
| 20–29 | 1.34 (1.18–1.52) | 1.39 (1.18–1.64) | 1.38 (1.17–1.62) | |||
| 30–39 | 1.55 (1.38–1.74) | <0.0001 | 1.49 (1.28–1.74) | <0.0001 | 1.49 (1.28–1.74) | <0.0001 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | |||
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.27 (1.08–1.49) | 1.33 (1.08–1.65) | 1.34 (1.08–1.65) | |||
| Hispanic | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 1.10 (0.96–1.25) | 1.08 (0.94–1.24) | |||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.98 (0.86–1.13) | 0.0318 | 1.00 (0.83–1.18) | 0.0505 | 1.00 (0.84–1.19) | 0.0629 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) | |||
| Female | 1.0 (reference) | 0.4806 | 1.0 (reference | 0.8900 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.8349 |
| Neighbourhood socioeconomic status (quintiles) | ||||||
| 1. Lowest 20% | 1.14 (0.99–1.31) | 1.23 (1.01–1.49) | 1.22 (1.00–1.48) | |||
| 2. | 1.10 (0.95–1.27) | 1.20 (1.00–1.46) | 1.20 (0.99–1.45) | |||
| 3. Middle 20% | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | 1.30 (1.08–1.58) | 1.31 (1.08–1.59) | |||
| 4. | 1.01 (0.87–1.15) | 1.07 (0.88–1.30) | 1.07 (0.88–1.31) | |||
| 5. Highest 20% | 1.0 (reference) | 0.1868 | 1.0 (reference | 0.0490 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.0453 |
| Initial care at hospitals affiliated with NCI-designated cancer centres | ||||||
| Yes | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference | 1.0 (reference) | |||
| No | 1.18 (1.07–1.31) | 0.0009 | 1.26 (1.11–1.43) | 0.0004 | 1.27 (1.11–1.45) | 0.0002 |
| Health insurance status (limited to patients diagnosed in 1996–2011, N=2632) | ||||||
| None | N/A | N/A | 1.34 (1.01–1.78) | |||
| Public | N/A | N/A | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | |||
| Private | N/A | N/A | 1.0 (reference) | |||
| Unknown/NOS | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1.27 (1.07–1.51) | 0.0204 |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; NOS, not otherwise specified; NCI, National Cancer Institute. HR1: adjusted model without insurance, 1988–2011; HR2: adjusted model without insurance, 1996–2011; HR3: adjusted model with insurance, 1996–2011.
*
Likelihood ratio test.