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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: FEBS Lett. 2016 Feb 3;590(7):924–934. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.12061

Figure 1. Model of p53 import into mitochondrion under non-cell death conditions.

Figure 1

Schematized are mechanisms of p53 import into mitochondria via RECQL4 binding and targeting (left), CHCHD4-mediated respiration-driven disulfide-relay system (middle), and N-terminal cleavage and exposure of cryptic MTS (right). Double arrowheads indicate mitochondrial proteins that have been shown to interact with p53, and dashed arrows indicate the tentative pathways of p53 translocation. The question mark indicates that p53 is speculated to enter into matrix via the CHCHD4-mediated transfer to TIM complex. COX, cytochrome c oxidase; IM, mitochondrial inner membrane; IMS, intermembrane space; MTS, mitochondrial targeting sequence; NLS, nuclear localization signal; OM, mitochondrial outer membrane; TIM, translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane complex; TOM, translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane complex.