Table 2.

Associations between type of substance used (stimulant versus alcohol) and barriers to PrEP use, including: 1) perception that substance use is a barrier to taking PrEP, 2) concerns related to HIV stigma, 3) financial concerns related to PrEP use

	Substance Use Would Affect PrEP Use				Concern about HIV Stigma				Concern about Cost of PrEP
	Bivariate1 RR (95% CI)	P	Multivariable1 aRR (95% CI)	P	Bivariate1 RR (95% CI)		Multivariable1 aRR (95% CI)		Bivariate1 RR (95% CI)	P	Multivariable1 aRR (95% CI)	P
Stimulant use (vs. alcohol)	2.40 (1.53 to 3.78)	<0.001	2.79 (1.63 to 4.77)	<0.001	1.00 (0.68 to 1.47)	>0.99	0.52 (0.30, 0.90)	0.02	0.87 (0.76 to 0.99)	0.04	0.89 (0.72, 1.10)	0.29
Age (years)			1.00 (0.99, 1.02)	0.65			1.00 (0.98, 1.02)	0.80			1.00 (0.99, 1.00)	0.36
Sexual identity
Homosexual/gay			Ref	Ref			Ref	Ref			Ref	Ref
Bisexual			0.87 (0.58, 1.32)	0.52			1.06 (0.69, 1.64)	0.78			0.90 (0.75, 1.06)	0.21
Heterosexual/straight			NA	NA			NA	NA			1.66 (1.11, 2.46)	0.01
Other			1.44 (0.51, 4.07)	0.49			NA	NA			0.82 (0.48, 1.39)	0.46
Race/ethnicity
White			Ref	Ref			Ref	Ref			Ref	Ref
Black			1.41 (0.87, 2.31)	0.17			2.24 (1.33, 3.75)	0.002			0.87 (0.70, 1.08)	0.20
Asian			2.38 (1.05, 5.40)	0.04			1.65 (0.62, 4.44)	0.32			0.94 (0.67, 1.32)	0.71
American Indian			NA	NA			1.27 (0.39, 4.09)	0.69			0.61 (0.37, 1.01)	0.06
Latino			1.0 (0.63, 1.88)	0.76			1.68 (0.97, 2.93)	0.07			0.83 (0.66, 1.03)	0.09
Unstable housing in past 3 months			0.65 (0.43, 0.97)	0.04			0.85 (0.54, 1.32)	0.46			1.18 (0.97, 1.44)	0.10
College degree or higher			1.20 (0.74, 1.96)	0.46			1.30 (0.79, 2.15)	0.31			1.03 (0.90, 1.19)	0.64
Relationship status
Single			Ref	Ref			Ref	Ref			Ref	Ref
Monogamous			1.53 (1.00, 2.35)	0.05			1.31 (0.84, 2.03)	0.24			0.82 (0.67, 1.01)	0.06
Non-monogamous			1.27 (0.74, 2.17)	0.38			0.56 (0.24, 1.29)	0.17			1.14 (0.96, 1.35)	0.15
Annual income
<$12,000			Ref	Ref			Ref	Ref			Ref	Ref
$12,000 to 23,999			0.98 (0.61, 1.59)	0.94			1.20 (0.72, 2.01)	0.49			1.23 (1.06, 1.44)	0.008
$24,000 to 59,999			0.62 (0.36, 1.06)	0.08			0.85 (0.48, 1.50)	0.57			0.93 (0.78, 1.12)	0.46
$60,000 or more			0.70 (0.32, 1.49)	0.35			0.89 (0.42, 1.90)	0.76			0.81 (0.62, 1.05)	0.11
Any health insurance			0.29 (0.07, 1.14)	0.07			0.66 (0.40, 1.45)	0.30			0.83 (0.58, 1.20)	0.32
Field recruitment			1.44 (0.82, 2.53)	0.21			0.45 (0.24, 0.84)	0.01			0.93 (0.76, 1.13)	0.46

Abbreviations: RR, risk ratio; aRR, adjusted risk ratio; CI confidence interval;

¹Modified Poisson generalized linear model with a robust error variance