Table 6.

Change over time for primary and secondary outcome measures in the two groups.

Outcome Measure	Active NMES: Change per month (95%CI) N=116	p-value	Sham NMES: Change per month (95%CI) N=54	p-value	Overall (combined groups) Change per month (95%CI) N=170	p-value
Primary Outcome
PASa Total	0.01 (−0.07,0.08)	0.879	−0.20 (−0.31,−0.09)	<0.001*	−0.05 (−0.11,0.01)	0.084
PAS Thin	0.02 (−0.07,0.11)	0.671	−0.28 (−0.41,−0.14)	<0.001*	−0.06 (−0.14,0.01)	0.097
PAS Thick	−0.01 (−0.15,0.13)	0.897	0.03 (−0.19,0.25)	0.780	0.00 (−0.12,0.12)	0.967
PAS Pudding	0.00 (−0.15,0.15)	0.973	−0.14 (−0.37,0.09)	0.232	−0.04 (−0.17,0.09)	0.540
PAS Banana	−0.07 (−0.21,0.08)	0.376	−0.13 (−0.35,0.09)	0.249	−0.08 (−0.21,0.04)	0.173
PAS Saltine	−0.04 (−0.20,0.12)	0.600	−0.25 (−0.50,−0.01)	0.043*	−0.10 (−0.24,0.03)	0.131
Secondary Outcomes
OPSEb Total	0.27 (−0.75,1.29)	0.601	1.43 (−0.17,3.04)	0.080	0.60 (−0.26,1.46)	0.168
Hyoid Anterior Total	−0.25 (−0.48,−0.01)	0.038*	−0.24 (−0.60,0.11)	0.177	−0.25 (−0.44,−0.05)	0.014*
Hyoid Superior Total	−0.27 (−0.71,0.17)	0.230	0.01 (−0.66,0.67)	0.988	−0.19 (−0.55,0.18)	0.314
PSSc Total	1.96 (1.06,2.86)	<0.001*	1.42 (0.02,2.81)	0.046*	1.81 (1.06,2.57)	<0.001*
PSS Diet	1.87 (0.62,3.12)	0.003*	2.25 (0.32,4.19)	0.023*	1.99 (0.94,3.03)	<0.001*
PSS Public	2.75 (1.06,4.45)	0.002*	1.05 (−1.57,3.67)	0.430	2.28 (0.86,3.70)	0.002*
PSS Speech	1.18 (0.29,2.06)	0.009*	1.05 (−0.32,2.43)	0.132	1.15 (0.41,1.89)	0.003*
HNCId Speech	1.29 (0.24,2.35)	0.016*	2.93 (1.28,4.58)	0.001*	1.75 (0.86,2.64)	<0.001*
HNCI Eating	2.22 (1.19,3.24)	<0.001*	2.44 (0.86,4.01)	0.003*	2.28 (1.43,3.14)	<0.001*
HNCI Aesthetics	0.40 (−1.09,1.90)	0.596	1.30 (−1.05,3.65)	0.276	0.66 (−0.59,1.92)	0.300
HNCI Social Disruption	1.14 (−0.07,2.34)	0.065	2.31 (0.43,4.19)	0.016*	1.46 (0.45,2.48)	0.005*

^aPenetration Aspiration Scale (PAS)

^bOralpharyngeal Swallowing Efficiency (OPSE)

^cPerformance Status Scale (PSS)

^dHead and Neck Cancer Inventory (HNCI)