Table 2.
Description and verification of diagnoses of all included studies
| # | References | Diagnoses | Description of verification in full text |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dros [17] | Dizziness | A giddy or rotational sensation, a feeling of imbalance, light-headedness, and a sensation of impending faint as reported by consulting patient |
| 2 | Ekvall Hansson [43] | Multisensory dizziness with age as one factor; BPPV; vestibular neuronitis, dizziness of unspecific origin | Physical examination including the Hallpike maneuver |
| 3 | Garrigues [21] | Vertigo crisis | Illusion of unequivocal rotary movement |
| 4 | Hansson [22] | BPPV Phobic postural vertigo cervical/whiplash associated disorder dizziness | Standardized assessment, Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre |
| 5 | Hansson [30] | Multisensory dizziness | ICD-10 Code: R42 |
| 6 | Kruschinski [19] | Chronic/acute dizziness | A sensation of dizziness |
| 7 | Leong [23] | BPPV, dizziness, vertigo | NR |
| 8 | Lin [24] | Sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, Meniere disease, vestibular neuritis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo [BPPV], and vertigo | ICD-9 codes |
| 9 | Maarsingh [18] | Dizziness | Giddy or rotational sensation, a loss of balance, a faint feeling, light-headedness, instability or unsteadiness, a tendency to fall, or a feeling of everything turning black |
| 10 | Nazareth [25] | Vertigo, presyncope, disequilibrium, dizziness | True vertigo (i.e., a sensation that things/oneself are moving, spinning, or rocking about), presyncope (feeling of being faint or losing consciousness), disequilibrium (feeling unsteady or off-balance or about to fall or veer to one side), and other types of dizziness (e.g., giddiness, light headedness, or wooziness) |
| 11 | Neuhauser [2] | Vestibular disease, dizziness, vertigo | Screening question, “Did you ever experience moderate or severe dizziness or vertigo?” neurotologic interview |
| 12 | Polensek [26] | Vestibular impairment, dizziness, vertigo | Dizziness (ICD-9 code 780.4) or any form of vestibular impairment (ICD-9 code 386.0 through 386.9) |
| 13 | Sczepanek [20] | Dizziness | A sensation of dizziness |
| 14 | Skoien [31] | Dizziness, vertigo | International classification of primary care, H82 (vertiginous syndrome), N17 (vertigo/dizziness) |
| 15 | Tschan [27] | Psychogenic vertigo | Clinical neurological examination; a neuro-orthoptic analysis; neurophysiological vestibular laboratory testing including an electro-oculography with caloric irrigation, measurements of the subjective visual vertical, and determination of ocular torsion by fundus photographs, psychometric test battery measuring dizziness-related somatic and mental symptoms. Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), Axis I disorders |
| 16 | Yardley [28] | Chronic dizziness not attributable to non-vestibular causes | Search of computerised patient records search terms: vertigo; dizziness; Meniere’s disease; balance problems; vestibular; prochlorperazine; cinnarizine; betahistine; diuretics (see [44]) |
NR not reported
ICD-10 international classification of disease, tenth revision
ICD-9 international classification of disease, ninth revision