(a–c) Differentiation dynamics within traps, showing (a) strong, (b) medium, and (c) weak coupling. Each line depicts the cell number N (black) and number of competent cells Ncomp (gray) within a single trap as a function of time. (d–f) Selected examples (from a–c) of growth and competence development for (d) strong, (e) medium, and (f) weak coupling. Equal grayscales depict the same trap. Solid circles: number of cells within one trap, N; open triangles: number of competent cells within the respective trap, Ncomp.