Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of the first cohort (N = 134)
| Characteristic | Patients with MDD (N = 85) | Healthy participants (N = 49) |
|---|---|---|
| Female:Male, N (%) | 50:35 (59 %:41 %) | 32:17 (65 %:35 %) |
| Age in years, mean (SD), range | 36.1 (12.5), 19–61 | 32.5 (10.2), 20–57 |
| Ethnicitya, N (%) | ||
| Aboriginal | 0 | 0 |
| Arab | 3 (4 %) | 1 (2 %) |
| Asian | 9 (11 %) | 9 (18 %) |
| Black | 1 (1 %) | 0 |
| Latin American/Hispanic | 5 (6 %) | 2 (4 %) |
| White | 59 (69 %) | 35 (71 %) |
| Other | 5 (6 %) | 2 (4 %) |
| Mixed | 3 (4 %) | 0 |
| Marital status, N (%) | ||
| Never Married | 48 (57 %) | 26 (53 %) |
| Separated | 7 (8 %) | 1 (2 %) |
| Married | 16 (19 %) | 12 (25 %) |
| Divorced | 7 (8 %) | 3 (6 %) |
| Domestic Partnership | 5 (6 %) | 6 (12 %) |
| Widowed | 2 (2 %) | 1 (2 %) |
| Occupational status, N (%) | ||
| Working now | 45 (53 %) | 28 (57 %) |
| Disabled (permanent or temporary) | 13 (7 %) | 0 |
| Temporary leave | 5 (3 %) | 0 |
| Looking, unemployed | 10 (5 %) | 3 (6 %) |
| Student | 8 (4 %) | 15 (31 %) |
| Retired | 1 (1 %) | 0 |
| If employed, number of hours scheduled to work over the past 2 weeks: mean (SD) | 50.0 (27.2) | 53.8 (25.8) |
| If employed, number of hours missed due to symptoms over the past 2 weeks: mean (SD) | 10.5 (18.2) | 0.1 (0.6) |
| Education, years: mean (SD) | 14.1 (2.0) | 15.9 (2.9) |
| Age of onset of MDD, years: | ||
| mean (SD), range | 20.6 (10.7), 5–55 | n/a |
| Single episode:Recurrent, N (%) | 24:61 (29 %:71 %) | n/a |
| No. previous episodes, mean (SD) | 4.3 (2.8) | n/a |
| Current episode duration | ||
| ≤12 months | 39 (46 %) | n/a |
| 1–2 years | 13 (15 %) | |
| >2 years | 30 (35 %) | |
| Unknown/not reported | 3 (4 %) | |
| Median duration (range), months | 14.5 (3–151) | |
| Comorbiditiesb,c | ||
| Substance-Related Disorders | 7 (8 %) | n/a |
| Anxiety Disorders | 67 (79 %) | |
| Eating Disorders | 1 (1 %) | |
| Stable medical conditions | 52 (61 %) | |
| Use of antidepressants during current | ||
| episode, N (%) | 60 (71 %) | n/a |
| No. antidepressants used, mean (SD) | 1.7 (1.5) | |
| Baseline MADRS, mean (SD) | 29.9 (6.0) | 0.4 (1.0) |
| Baseline YMRS, mean (SD) | 2.2 (1.8) | 0.3 (0.7) |
| Baseline CGI Severity, mean (SD) | 4.7 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.0) |
| Baseline QIDS-SR, mean (SD) | 15.9 (4.3) | 2.1 (1.7) |
| Baseline SDS, mean (SD) | 16.6 (7.5) | 0.0 (0.0) |
| Baseline LEAPS, mean (SD) | 14.1 (6.1) | 1.9 (2.7) |
aCategories adapted from ethnic-origin groups listed in national census questionnaires [67]
bBased on DSM-IV-TR, as determined by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview
cPercentages may not add up to 100 % because patients may have more than 1 comorbid condition
MDD Major depressive disorder, SD Standard deviation, MADRS Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale, CGI Clinical Global Impression, QIDS-SR Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Self-Report, SDS Sheehan Disability Scale, LEAPS Lam Employment Absence and Productivity Scale