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Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of inflammatory factor mRNA in the bladder. Relative quantities of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (a), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (b), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (c) mRNA were normalized to glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard error, n = 8. *P < 0.01 (vs. the control group); †P < 0.05 (vs. the cyclophosphamide (CYP)-treated group), ‡P < 0.01 (vs. the CYP-treated group).
