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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Surg Res. 2015 Dec 30;202(1):103–110. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.12.038

Table 3.

PCS Trajectory Characteristics

Frequency (%) Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 p value
Age Group <0.001
 18–35 8 (16.0) 176 (50.7) 70 (68.0)
 36–45 9 (18.0) 64 (18.4) 18 (17.5)
 46–60 25 (50.0) 83 (23.9) 12 (11.7)
 >60 8 (16.0) 24 (6.9) 3 (2.9)
Gender 0.536
 Male 29 (58.0) 226 (65.1) 69 (67.0)
 Female 21 (42.0) 121 (34.9) 34 (33.0)
Race 0.050
 White 33 (66.0) 181 (52.2) 42 (40.8)
 Black 17 (34.0) 165 (47.6) 61 (59.2)
Relationship Status <0.001
 Married 22 (44.0) 107 (30.8) 25 (24.3)
 Divorced 14 (28.0) 51 (14.7) 11 (10.7)
 Widowed 4 (8.0) 9 (2.6) 0 (0.0)
 Separated 0 (0.0) 19 (5.5) 4 (3.9)
 Never Married 7 (14.0) 128 (36.9) 54 (52.4)
 Member of an unmarried couple 3 (6.0) 33 (9.5) 9 (8.7)
Employment <0.001
 Employed for wages 12 (24.0) 179 (51.6) 65 (63.1)
 Self-employed 8 (16.0) 49 (14.1) 9 (8.7)
 Out of work more than 1 year 11 (22.0) 39 (11.2) 8 (7.8)
 Out of work for less than 1 year 1 (2.0) 40 (11.5) 11 (10.7)
 Retired 2 (4.0) 12 (3.5) 0 (0.0)
 Unable to work 15 (30.0) 9 (2.6) 3 (2.9)
Individual Income 0.233
 Less than $10,000 23 (46.0) 146 (42.1) 45 (43.7)
 $10,000 – less than $15,000 7 (14.0) 36 (10.4) 13 (12.6)
 $15,000 – less than $25,000 6 12.0) 52 (15.0) 4 (3.9)
 $25,000 – less than $35,000 6 (12.0) 34 (9.8) 8 (7.8)
 $35,000 – less than $50,000 2 (4.0) 23 (6.6) 7 (6.8)
 $50,000 – less than $75,000 3 (6.0) 18 (5.2) 7 (6.8)
 $75,000 or more 1 (2.0) 16 (4.6) 11 (10.7)
 Don’t know 2 (4.0) 22 (6.3) 8 (7.8)
ISS 0.022
 11 – 15 17 (34.7) 101 (30.3) 30 (29.4)
 16 – 24 17 (34.7) 115 (34.5) 52 (51.0)
 25 – 34 12 (24.5) 98 (29.4) 13 (12.7)
 35 and greater 3 (6.1) 19 (5.7) 7 (6.9)
Hypotension 0.580
 No 43 (89.6) 301 (91.5) 96 (94.1)
 Yes 5 (10.4) 28 (8.5) 6 (5.9)
Insurance 0.086
 Private 21 (42.0%) 114 (32.9%) 36 (35.0%)
 Medicare 7 (14.0%) 19 (5.5%) 2 (1.9%)
 Medicaid 6 (12.0%) 37 (10.7%) 14 (13.6%)
 Self-Pay 14 (28.0%) 150 (43.2%) 47 (45.6%)