Table 1.
HRS sample characteristics
| Total sample (N=16,186) |
Never Demented (N=12,739) |
Mild Dementia (N=2,278) |
Moderate to severe Dementia (N=1,169) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, mean (SD)* | 70.1 (9.9) | 68.2 (9.4) | 75.7 (8.9) | 79.5 (8.5) | <.0001 |
| Female, n (%) | 9201 (56.9) | 7056 (55.4) | 1331 (58.4) | 814 (69.6) | <.0001 |
| Black, n (%) | 2178 (13.5) | 1646 (12.9) | 291 (12.8) | 241 (20.6) | <.0001 |
| Education, mean (SD) | 11.7 (3.5) | 11.9 (3.3) | 11.6 (3.5) | 9.8 (3.9) | <.0001 |
| Comorbid conditions | |||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 10367 (65.1) | 8262 (65.7) | 1394 (63.8) | 711 (60.9) | .0018 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 3890 (24.4) | 3121 (24.8) | 519 (23.8) | 250 (21.4) | .0250 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 3290 (20.7) | 2711 (21.6) | 408 (18.7) | 171 (14.6) | <.0001 |
| Lung disease, n (%) | 2356 (14.8) | 1916 (15.2) | 319 (14.6) | 121 (10.4) | <.0001 |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 4667 (29.3) | 3645 (29.0) | 671 (30.7) | 351 (30.0) | .2148 |
| CHF, n (%) | 1195 (7.5) | 885 (7.0) | 196 (9.0) | 114 (9.8) | <.0001 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 1947 (12.2) | 1252 (9.9) | 413 (18.9) | 282 (24.1) | <.0001 |
| Arthritis, n (%) | 11051 (69.4) | 8748 (69.5) | 1508 (69.1) | 795 (68.0) | .5228 |
| Transitions in Care | |||||
| Person years observation, mean (SD) |
8.3 (2.9) | 8.6 (2.8) | 7.6 (3.0) | 6.6 (3.0) | <.0001 |
| Total number of transitions, mean (SD) |
5.6 (7.8) | 4.2 (6.5) | 10.8 (9.8) | 11.2 (9.7) | <.0001 |
| Number of transitions per year of follow-up, mean (SD) |
1.3 (4.6) | 1.1 (4.6) | 2.1 (5.1) | 2.2 (2.7) | <.0001 |
| Number with zero transitions (%) over observation period |
4831 (29.8) | 4689 (36.8) | 124 (5.4) | 18 (1.5) | <.0001 |
| Health care utilization | |||||
| Number of hospital stays per year of follow-up, mean (SD) |
0.4 (1.5) | 0.3 (1.5) | 0.7 (1.1) | 0.8 (1.1) | <.0001 |
| Number with one or more hospital stays, (%) |
9861 (60.9) | 6786 (53.3) | 2040 (89.6) | 1035 (88.5) | <.0001 |
| Number of nursing home stays per year of follow- up, mean (SD) |
0.1 (0.4) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.3 (0.6) | <.0001 |
| Number with one or more nursing home stays, (%) |
3719 (23.0) | 1825 (14.3) | 1159 (50.9) | 735 (62.9) | <.0001 |
| Number of home health encounters per year of follow-up, mean (SD) |
0.1 (0.5) | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.4) | 0.2 (0.4) | <.0001 |
| Number with one or more home health care days, (%) |
4754 (29.4) | 2985 (23.4) | 1195 (52.5) | 574 (49.1) | <.0001 |
| Vital Status | |||||
| Died, n (%) | 5035 (31.1) | 3122 (24.5) | 1117 (49.0) | 796 (68.1) | <.0001 |
*
Age as of January 1, 1999