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. 2016 Apr 18;7:491. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00491

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

Loss of carotenoids affects biofilm formation and root colonization. (A) Comparison of biofilm formation between wild type Pantoea sp. YR343 and the ΔcrtB mutant in plastic 96-well plates measured by the crystal violet assay (B) Pellicle formation assay performed in SOBG medium in glass test tubes. Wild type Pantoea sp. YR343 forms pellicles on top of the liquid medium, while the ΔcrtB mutant settles to the bottom of the tube. (C) Wheat root colonization assay by wild type Pantoea sp. YR343 and ΔcrtB is described as the Log10 value of colony forming units (CFUs) per gram of root material. (D) Images of wheat roots treated with YR343-GFP and ΔcrtB for 1 week and stained with Syto61. Top left image shows a group of motile cells outside of the plant. Green represents the wild type population, while red represents the ΔcrtB mutant population. Top right image shows a wheat root (visualized using autofluorescence in the red channel) colonized predominantly by wild typeYR343-GFP (green). Bottom image shows a three-dimensional view of a colonized wheat root.