Table 4.
Logistic regression: predictors of tobacco use.
| Variable | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tobacco use (all forms) as the dependent variable | |||
| Gender | |||
| Female | Ref | Ref | |
| Male | 14.08 (12.62, 15.71) | 11.33 (9.78, 13.13) | <.001 |
| Age | |||
| 18–34 years | Ref | Ref | |
| 35–44 years | 1.42 (1.30, 1.55) | 1.74 (1.57, 1.93) | <.001 |
| 45–54 years | 1.55 (1.42, 1.71) | 2.21 (1.98, 2.47) | <.001 |
| Above 55 years | 1.39 (1.27, 1.52) | 2.40 (2.14, 2.70) | .002 |
| Occupation | |||
| Self-employed | Ref | Ref | |
| Employed for wages | 2.10 (1.79, 2.46) | 2.16 (1.81, 2.58) | <.001 |
| Not employed | 0.17 (0.16, 0.18) | 0.77 (0.69, 0.86) | <.001 |
| Educational levels | |||
| No formal education | Ref | Ref | |
| Elementary education | 1.70 (1.56, 1.85) | 1.74 (1.58, 1.92) | <.001 |
| High school education | 2.80 (2.60, 3.06) | 3.00 (2.64, 3.33) | <.001 |
| Some college and college graduate | 2.75 (2.30, 3.29) | 2.36 (1.91, 2.93) | <.001 |
| Knowledge level | 0.73 (0.69, 0.76) | 0.60 (0.56, 0.63) | <.001 |
| Smoking (cigarettes and bidis) as the dependent variable | |||
| Gender | |||
| Female | Ref | Ref | |
| Male | 24.71 (21.06, 29.00) | 24.32 (19.91, 29.70) | <.001 |
| Age | |||
| 18–34 years | Ref | Ref | |
| 35–44 years | 0.65 (0.59, 0.72) | 2.65 (2.37, 3.04) | <.001 |
| 45–54 years | 0.55 (0.50, 0.61) | 1.46 (1.33, 1.71) | <.001 |
| Above 55 years | 0.58 (0.53, 0.64) | 1.15 (0.96, 1.26) | .09 |
| Occupation | |||
| Self-employed | Ref | Ref | |
| Employed for wages | 6.59 (6.01, 7.22) | 1.12 (1.00, 1.26) | .063 |
| Not employed | 0.85 (0.71, 1.02) | 0.83 (0.68, 1.00) | .052 |
| Educational levels | |||
| No formal education | Ref | Ref | |
| Elementary education | 0.60 (0.55, 0.66) | 0.58 (0.52, 0.64) | <.001 |
| High school education | 0.42 (0.38, 0.47) | 0.40 (0.35, 0.45) | <.001 |
| Some college and college graduate | 0.51 (0.41, 0.63) | 0.56 (0.44, 0.72) | <.001 |
| Knowledge level | 1.20 (1.13, 1.27) | 1.38 (1.29, 1.47) | <.001 |
| Smokeless/chewing tobacco as the dependent variable | |||
| Gender | |||
| Female | Ref | Ref | |
| Male | 15.14 (12.83, 17.87) | 9.67 (7.87, 11.89) | <.001 |
| Age | |||
| 18–34 years | Ref | Ref | |
| 35–44 years | 1.02 (0.92, 1.14) | 1.30 (1.11, 1.53) | .001 |
| 45–54 years | 0.76 (0.67, 0.86) | 1.59 (1.34, 1.89) | .001 |
| Above 55 years | 0.48 (0.41, 0.55) | 1.30 (1.09, 1.56) | .001 |
| Occupation | |||
| Self-employed | Ref | Ref | |
| Employed for wages | 2.11 (1.78, 2.52) | 1.82 (1.50, 2.21) | <.001 |
| Not employed | 0.16 (0.15, 0.18) | 0.68 (0.59, 0.79) | <.001 |
| Educational levels | |||
| No formal education | Ref | Ref | |
| Elementary education | 2.27 (2.00, 2.58) | 1.69 (1.47, 1.94) | <.001 |
| High school education | 4.87 (4.28, 5.53) | 3.34 (2.89, 3.87) | <.001 |
| Some college and college graduate | 6.06 (4.91, 7.48) | 3.70 (2.91, 4.70) | <.001 |
| Knowledge level | 0.79 (0.74, 0.84) | 0.69 (0.64, 0.74) | <.001 |
CI: confidence level.
Ref: reference category.
Note. Predictor variables included in logistic regression: gender, age, occupation, educational levels, and knowledge level.