Table 2.

Health outcomes in the Women’s Health Initiative hormone therapy trials, according to age at study entry, during the intervention phase^a

	Estrogen-progestin trial					Estrogen-alone trial
	E+P	Placebo				E alone	Placebo
Outcome	# events per 10,000 PY	# events per 10,000 PY	Differenceb per 10,000 PY	RR (95% CI)	p	# events per 10,000 PY	# events per 10,000 PY	Differenceb per 10,000 PY	RR (95% CI)	p
Cardiovascular disease
Coronary heart diseasec
50–59 y	23	17	5	1.34 (0.82 – 2.19)	0.81	17	28	−11	0.60 (0.35 – 1.04)	0.08
60–69 y	37	37	0	1.01 (0.73 – 1.39)		61	63	−3	0.95 (0.72 – 1.24)
70–79 y	82	63	19	1.31 (0.93 – 1.84)		97	90	7	1.09 (0.80 – 1.49)
Myocardial infarction
50–59 y	19	15	4	1.32 (0.77 – 2.25)	0.55	14	25	−11	0.55 (0.31 – 1.00)	0.02
60–69 y	33	31	2	1.05 (0.74 – 1.47)		46	48	−2	0.95 (0.69 – 1.30)
70–79 y	69	47	21	1.46 (1.00 – 2.15)		83	69	14	1.24 (0.88 – 1.75)
Coronary revascularizationd
50–59 y	20	20	0	1.03 (0.63 – 1.68)	0.67	24	41	−17	0.56 (0.35 – 0.88)	0.06
60–69 y	43	52	−9	0.85 (0.64 – 1.13)		79	69	11	1.13 (0.88 – 1.46)
70–79 y	75	70	+5	1.08 (0.77 – 1.51)		107	102	5	1.07 (0.79 – 1.43)
Stroke
50–59 y	15	10	5	1.51 (0.81 – 2.82)	0.50	16	17	−1	0.99 (0.53 – 1.85)	0.77
60–69 y	34	23	11	1.45 (1.00 – 2.11)		51	33	18	1.55 (1.10 – 2.16)
70–79 y	63	50	13	1.22 (0.84 – 1.79)		77	59	17	1.29 (0.90 – 1.86)
Pulmonary embolism
50–59 y	11	5	6	2.05 (0.89 – 4.71)	0.61	10	6	3	1.53 (0.63 – 3.75)	0.28
60–69 y	19	11	8	1.69 (1.01 – 2.85)		17	10	7	1.72 (0.94 – 3.14)
70–79 y	30	12	18	2.54 (1.27 – 5.09)		14	16	−2	0.85 (0.39 – 1.84)
All cardiovascular eventse
50–59 y	82	67	14	1.19 (0.92 – 1.53)	0.92	108	123	−16	0.84 (0.66–1.06)	0.06
60–69 y	176	161	15	1.10 (0.94 – 1.28)		280	236	44	1.18 (1.03 – 1.36)
70–79 y	321	280	41	1.14 (0.96 – 1.35)		410	350	60	1.17 (0.99 – 1.37)
Cancer
Breast cancer
50–59 y	33	27	6	1.21 (0.81 – 1.80)	0.68	24	29	−5	0.82 (0.50 – 1.34)	0.89
60–69 y	45	38	8	1.20 (0.89 – 1.62)		28	39	−10	0.73 (0.51 – 1.07)
70–79 y	56	41	15	1.37 (0.90 – 2.07)		32	27	−5	0.86 (0.52 – 1.43)
Colorectal cancer
50–59 y	4	5	−1	0.79 (0.29 – 2.18)	0.66	7	10	−3	0.71 (0.30 – 1.67)	0.02
60–69 y	13	21	−8	0.61 (0.37 – 0.99)		16	19	−2	0.88 (0.53 – 1.47)
70–79 y	16	28	−11	0.58 (0.31 – 1.08)		33	15	19	2.24 (1.16 – 4.30)
All cancerf
50–59 y	83	84	−1	0.97 (0.76 – 1.23)	0.77	71	79	−8	0.89 (0.66 – 1.19)	0.39
60–69 y	142	128	15	1.11 (0.93 – 1.31)		114	129	−15	0.89 (0.73 – 1.08)
70–79 y	171	182	−11	0.94 (0.75 – 1.17)		152	147	6	1.04 (0.81 – 1.33)
Other outcomes
All fracture
50–59 y	120	145	−25	0.82 (0.68 – 1.00)	0.83	133	149	−16	0.90 (0.72 – 1.11)	0.33
60–69 y	160	226	−66	0.70 (0.61 – 0.81)		139	218	−80	0.63 (0.53 – 0.75)
70–79 y	236	300	−65	0.79 (0.66 – 0.95)		208	297	−90	0.71 (0.58 – 0.87)
Diabetes
50–59 y	74	85	−11	0.85 (0.66 – 1.09)	0.10	131	158	−26	0.83 (0.67 – 1.04)	0.99
60–69 y	61	99	−38	0.61 (0.49 – 0.77)		144	159	−15	0.91 (0.76 – 1.09)
70–79 y	95	70	+24	1.35 (0.98 – 1.88)		119	114	−27	0.82 (0.62 – 1.07)
Total mortality
50–59 y	21	31	−10	0.67 (0.43 – 1.04)	0.20	29	40	−11	0.70 (0.46 – 1.09)	0.04
60–69 y	51	47	5	1.07 (0.81 – 1.41)		78	77	0	1.01 (0.79 – 1.29)
70–79 y	106	102	3	1.03 (0.87 – 1.36)		155	129	26	1.21 (0.95 – 1.56)
Global indexg
50–59 y	103	91	12	1.12 (0.89 – 1.40)	>0.99	98	117	−19	0.84 (0.66 – 1.07)	0.02
60–69 y	189	167	22	1.13 (0.97 – 1.31)		210	211	−1	0.99 (0.85 – 1.15)
70–79 y	342	303	38	1.12 (0.95 – 1.32)		367	316	51	1.17 (0.99 – 1.39)

^aMedian length of randomized treatment was 5.6 years for estrogen-progestin and 7.2 years for estrogen alone.

^bDifference = # events per 10,000 women per year in the hormone therapy group - # events per 10,000 women per year in the placebo group. Numbers may not add precisely due to rounding error.

^cCoronary heart disease is defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction or coronary death.

^dCoronary revascularization is defined as coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention.

^eAll cardiovascular events is a composite outcome of MI, stroke, coronary revascularization, angina, heart failure, carotid artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis), and cardiovascular death.

^fAll cancer types except for non-melanoma skin cancer.

^gGlobal index=a composite outcome of coronary heart disease, stroke, pulmonary embolism, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer (in the estrogen-progestin trial), hip fracture, and mortality.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PY, person-years; RR, relative risk. Data from: Manson JE, et al. JAMA 2013;310:1353–68.