Table 2.
Longitudinal analysis of regional subcortical volumes.
|
HC |
HR-well |
HR-MDD |
Statistics |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n=93) | Follow-up (n=62) | Baseline (n=92) | Follow-up (n=63) | Baseline (n=19) | Follow-up (n=20) |
Group effect |
Time effect |
GroupXTime |
||||
| Region | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | F | p | F | p | F | p |
| L lat ventricle | 6.69 (2.05) | 6.98 (2.74) | 7.17 (2.50) | 7.28 (2.69) | 5.71 (2.45) | 5.57 (2.65) | 1.25 | 0.29 | 1.80 | 0.18 | 0.62 | 0.54 |
| R lat ventricle | 6.04 (2.44) | 6.27 (2.06) | 6.48 (2.20) | 6.56 (2.38) | 5.40 (2.83) | 5.46 (2.01) | 0.79 | 0.46 | 0.88 | 0.35 | 0.13 | 0.88 |
| L caudate | 3.68 (0.43) | 3.70 (0.53) | 3.71 (0.44) | 3.60 (0.45) | 3.53 (0.46) | 3.44 (0.51) | 1.74 | 0.18 | 2.03 | 0.16 | 1.27 | 0.28 |
| R caudate | 3.83 (0.45) | 3.89 (0.59) | 3.88 (0.47) | 3.83 (0.49) | 3.62 (0.47) | 3.51 (0.50) | 3.81 | 0.02 | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.92 | 0.40 |
| L putamen | 5.91 (0.78) | 6.02 (0.83) | 6.03 (0.72) | 6.01 (0.82) | 6.09 (0.77) | 5.77 (0.83) | 0.11 | 0.90 | 1.22 | 0.27 | 2.42 | 0.09 |
| R putamen | 5.71 (0.67) | 5.81 (0.71) | 5.72 (0.61) | 5.69 (0.72) | 5.82 (0.65) | 5.40 (0.79) | 0.45 | 0.64 | 2.34 | 0.13 | 2.52 | 0.08 |
| L pallidum | 1.94 (0.29) | 1.93 (0.29) | 1.87 (0.29) | 1.88 (0.33) | 1.94 (0.29) | 1.90 (0.27) | 1.27 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.66 | 0.26 | 0.78 |
| R pallidum | 1.86 (0.28) | 1.85 (0.32) | 1.83 (0.29) | 1.79 (0.33) | 1.94 (0.29) | 1.83 (0.25) | 1.04 | 0.36 | 2.93 | 0.09 | 0.58 | 0.56 |
| L thalamus | 6.58 (0.75) | 6.60 (0.66) | 6.56 (0.73) | 6.38 (0.76) | 6.66 (0.75) | 6.39 (0.74) | 0.88 | 0.42 | 2.98 | 0.09 | 1.42 | 0.24 |
| R thalamus | 6.62 (0.67) | 6.68 (0.70) | 6.56 (0.73) | 6.48 (0.79) | 6.75 (0.76) | 6.55 (0.79) | 1.10 | 0.33 | 0.85 | 0.36 | 1.04 | 0.36 |
| L hippocampus | 3.50 (0.45) | 3.47 (0.49) | 3.49 (0.46) | 3.41 (0.40) | 3.61 (0.54) | 3.44 (0.53) | 0.37 | 0.69 | 2.64 | 0.11 | 0.28 | 0.76 |
| R hippocampus | 3.58 (0.46) | 3.65 (0.52) | 3.56 (0.47) | 3.47 (0.38) | 3.65 (0.59) | 3.38 (0.54) | 1.58 | 0.21 | 3.33 | 0.07 | 2.54 | 0.08 |
| L amygdala | 1.77 (0.32) | 1.83 (0.33) | 1.79 (0.35) | 1.67 (0.27) | 1.79 (0.34) | 1.72 (0.23) | 1.55 | 0.22 | 1.14 | 0.29 | 3.40 | 0.04 |
| R amygdala | 1.96 (0.30) | 1.97 (0.30) | 1.92 (0.33) | 1.92 (0.27) | 2.06 (0.33) | 1.91 (0.26) | 1.31 | 0.27 | 1.20 | 0.28 | 1.12 | 0.33 |
Volumes are measured in cm3, p-values are presented uncorrected for multiple comparison. Abbreviations: HC, unaffected healthy control subjects; HR-MDD, individuals at high risk for mood disorders who were well at baseline but developed major depressive disorder during the follow-up period; HR-well, individuals at high risk of mood disorders who were well at baseline and remained well during the follow-up period; L, left; lat, ateral; R, right, SD, standard deviation.