Table 2.

Systems of Influences and Sociocultural Context Impacting Women's Career Development in Academic Medicine

Precareer development program			Postcareer development program
Systems of influence	Promoters	Moderators	Impacts	Outcomes
Individual	Reduce isolation and develop network of women colleagues; find woman mentor; gain skills for academic advancement	Ambition and motivation	Skill development; self-awareness; academic advancement; increased organizational visibility; broader perspective of institutional culture	Informal leadership Formal leadership
Institution	Financial support; advocacy for women; recommendations from women colleagues	Pacification or individual reward	Women-driven efforts to increase institutional capacity through culture change
Sociocultural context of women's career development
Individual	Family support and resources; parenting/family responsibilities; passion, patience, and persistence; sponsorship
Institution	Gender bias; institutional policies for academic advancement and to engage women in leadership; financial resources