Table 3.
Association of History of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension to Restless Legs Syndrome and Restless Legs Syndrome Severity in 498 Nonpregnant Women ≥40 Years of Age Attending Four West Virginia University Primary Care Clinics
| Likelihood of meeting criteria for RLS | ||
|---|---|---|
| Association of history of PIH to RLS | OR (95% CI) | p |
| Including as cases all those meeting criteria for RLS (n = 122) | ||
| Overall | ||
| Crude | 1.73 (1.01, 2.95) | 0.045 |
| Adjusted for demographic, lifestyle factorsa | 1.81 (1.03, 3.17) | 0.04 |
| Also adjusted for BMI, diabetes, and other comorbid conditionsb | 1.89 (1.04, 3.45) | 0.04 |
| Also adjusted for reproductive characteristicsc | 1.94 (1.06.3.59) | 0.03 |
| By frequency of RLS symptomsd | ||
| Less than once/week | 0.79 (0.27, 2.76) | 0.71 |
| 1–2 times/week | 1.13 (0.36, 3.54) | 0.84 |
| 3 or more times/week | 3.75 (1.85, 7.60) | 0.00025 |
| p for trend | 0.003 | |
| Including as RLS cases only those with RLS accompanied by unpleasant sensations (n = 107) | ||
| Overall | ||
| Crude | 1.73 (0.99, 3.03) | 0.054 |
| Adjusted for demographic, lifestyle factorsa | 1.83 (1.01, 3.31) | 0.05 |
| Also adjusted for BMI, diabetes, and other comorbid conditionsb | 1.98 (1.05, 3.74) | 0.03 |
| Also adjusted for reproductive characteristicsc | 1.97 (1.03, 3.79) | 0.04 |
| By frequency of RLS symptomsd | ||
| Less than once/week | 0.92 (0.26, 3.26) | 0.89 |
| 1–2 times/week | 1.57 (0.50, 5.10) | 0.45 |
| 3 or more times/week | 3.25 (1.53, 6.90) | 0.002 |
| p for trend | 0.02 | |
n = 122 with RLS, 376 without RLS. All p-values are two-sided. Referent category is no reported history of PIH.
Demographic characteristics include age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, occupation, and annual family income; lifestyle factors include smoking status, physical activity, and caffeine consumption.
Including reported physician diagnosis of anemia, hypertension, high cholesterol, heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, lung disease, or other serious chronic condition.
Including menopausal status, parity, and history of HRT.
Adjusted for demographics, lifestyle factors, BMI, and comorbid conditions.
CI, confidence intervals; OR, odds ratio; PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension.