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. 2016 Jan 3;594(8):2043–2060. doi: 10.1113/JP270543

Figure 3. Role of sirtuins in the control of mitochondrial physiology .

Figure 3

The increase in the NAD+/NADH ratio produced by CR in cells may induce the activity of the cytosolic SIRT1 and the mitochondrial SIRT3 forms. Both have been involved in the induction of many processes involved in the modulation of mitochondrial physiology such as induction of mitochondrial biogenesis by activating NOS and PGC‐1α, which, coupled with the activation of autophagy by deacetylation of FOXO3, promotes the renovation of mitochondria, eliminating damaged and unbalanced mitochondria at the same time as undamaged and active mitochondria increase. At the same time, lipid catabolism is promoted and the activity of mitochondrial antioxidants increases through the activity of SIRT3. Thus, sirtuins seem to be at the centre of mitochondrial modulation during CR.