Table 2.
Mean 9-Year Change in Short Physical Performance Battery Score and the 9-Year Hazards of Mobility Disability and the 10-Year Hazards of Mortality According to Physical Activity Level at Baseline
| SPPB† | n | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β* | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | |||
| Active | 52 | −0.98 | −1.57, −0.39 | −0.68 | −1.36, −0.01 | −0.38 | −1.74, 0.98 | −1.29 | −3.11, 0.53 | |
| Moderate | 314 | −1.74 | −2.12, −1.36 | −1.32 | −1.75, −0.90 | −1.01 | −2.28, 0.27 | −2.02 | −3.80, −0.25 | |
| Inactive | 630 | −2.72 | −3.08, −2.35 | −2.74 | −3.14, −2.33 | −2.36 | −3.61, −1.11 | −3.09 | −4.77, −1.41 | |
| Mobility disability† | n | n of incident disability | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI |
| Active | 54 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Moderate | 332 | 35 | 2.28 | 0.54, 9.54 | 1.96 | 0.46, 8.34 | 1.90 | 0.45, 8.07 | 2.16 | 0.51, 9.25 |
| Inactive | 623 | 167 | 4.66 | 1.14, 19.07 | 3.80 | 0.91, 15.83 | 3.47 | 0.83, 14.52 | 3.25 | 0.78, 13.56 |
| Mortality‡ | n | n of deaths | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI |
| Active | 54 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Moderate | 333 | 85 | 1.47 | 0.67, 3.20 | 1.39 | 0.63, 3.07 | 1.34 | 0.61, 2.96 | 1.26 | 0.57, 2.79 |
| Inactive | 762 | 378 | 2.18 | 1.01, 4.70 | 2.09 | 0.96, 4.58 | 1.96 | 0.89, 4.32 | 1.73 | 0.78, 3.82 |
Notes: CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery; Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, and education; Model 2: Model 1 + adjusted for physical activity at ages 40–60 and at 20–40; Model 3: Model 2 + adjusted for smoking, BMI, and alcohol consumption; Model 4: Model 3 + adjusted for coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, diabetes, lung disease, knee or hip osteoarthritis, depressive symptoms, and cancer.
*β Estimate describes the 9-year change in SPPB score.
†Nine-year follow-up.
‡Ten-year follow-up.