TABLE 2.
Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between adult height and lipid profilea
| Males | Females | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rP | rA (CI) | rE (CI) | rP | rA (CI) | rE (CI) | ||
| Serum lipids | |||||||
| Total-C | −0.18c | −0.21 (−0.38,−0.05) | 0.13 (−0.15,0.40) | −0.07 | −0.12 (−0.28,0.04) | 0.03 (−0.19,0.24) | |
| HDL-C | −0.12 | −0.12 (−0.28,0.03) | 0.17 (−0.10,0.43) | 0.03 | 0.00 (−0.15,0.16) | 0.04 (−0.18,0.26) | |
| LDL-C | −0.17c | −0.18 (−0.33,−0.01) | −0.02 (−0.30,0.26) | −0.11b | −0.17 (−0.32,−0.01) | −0.02 (−0.24,0.20) | |
| HDL-C/LDL-C | 0.07 | 0.06 (−0.09,0.22) | 0.13 (−0.15,0.39) | 0.11b | 0.13 (−0.02,0.28) | 0.04 (−0.18,0.26) | |
| IDL-C | −0.18c | −0.21 (−0.38,−0.04) | 0.10 (−0.19,0.38) | −0.12b | −0.19 (−0.34,−0.03) | 0.05 (−0.18,0.26) | |
| Triglycerides | −0.03 | −0.04 (−0.21,0.12) | −0.05 (−0.33,0.23) | −0.06 | −0.11 (−0.27,0.05) | 0.02 (−0.20,0.23) | |
| Lipoprotein particle size | |||||||
| HDL particle size | −0.05 | −0.05 (−0.21,0.11) | 0.10 (−0.18,0.36) | 0.07 | 0.06 (−0.09,0.20) | −0.02 (−0.24,0.20) | |
| LDL particle size | −0.01 | −0.06 (−0.31,0.16) | 0.08 (−0.21,0.35) | −0.07 | −0.11 (−0.29,0.08) | 0.05 (−0.17,0.25) | |
| VLDL particle size | 0.06 | 0.07 (−0.10,0.25) | −0.04 (−0.31,0.24) | 0.03 | 0.02 (−0.15,0.19) | 0.05 (−0.16,0.27) | |
| HDL particle concentration | |||||||
| Small HDL | −0.13b | −0.15 (−0.33,0.02) | 0.14 (−0.17,0.42) | −0.07 | −0.12 (−0.28,0.04) | 0.07 (−0.15,0.28) | |
| Medium HDL | −0.15b | −0.21 (−0.38,−0.04) | 0.17 (−0.11,0.42) | −0.06 | −0.13 (−0.29,0.04) | 0.11 (−0.11,0.32) | |
| Large HDL | −0.09 | −0.09 (−0.25,0.07) | 0.08 (−0.20,0.34) | 0.04 | 0.02 (−0.14,0.17) | 0.02 (−0.20,0.24) | |
| Total HDL | −0.14b | −0.17 (−0.33,−0.01) | 0.19 (−0.09,0.44) | −0.01 | −0.06 (−0.22,0.10) | −0.06 (−0.16,0.27) | |
| LDL particle concentration | |||||||
| Small LDL | −0.17c | −0.18 (−0.33,−0.02) | −0.01 (−0.28,0.27) | −0.10 | −0.16 (−0.32,0.00) | −0.02 (−0.24,0.20) | |
| Medium LDL | −0.17c | −0.17 (−0.33,−0.01) | −0.03 (−0.31,0.25) | −0.11b | −0.17 (−0.32, −0.01) | −0.03 (−0.25,0.19) | |
| Large LDL | −0.19c | −0.21 (−0.36,−0.05) | 0.03 (−0.25,0.31) | −0.13c | −0.21 (−0.36, −0.05) | 0.00 (−0.22,0.22) | |
| Total LDL | −0.18c | −0.19 (−0.35,−0.04) | 0.00 (−0.28,0.28) | −0.12b | −0.19 (−0.34, −0.03) | −0.01 (−0.23,0.21) | |
| VLDL particle concentration | |||||||
| Small VLDL | −0.07 | −0.11 (−0.27,0.05) | −0.02 (−0.30,0.26) | −0.10 | −0.15 (−0.31,0.01) | 0.01 (−0.21,0.23) | |
| Medium VLDL | 0.01 | −0.00 (−0.17,0.17) | −0.05 (−0.32,0.23) | −0.03 | −0.06 (−0.23,0.11) | 0.06 (−0.16,0.27) | |
| Large VLDL | 0.03 | 0.03 (−0.16,0.23) | −0.02 (−0.40,0.38) | −0.03 | −0.08 (−0.26,0.10) | 0.06 (−0.17,0.29) | |
| Total VLDL | −0.04 | −0.07 (−0.23,0.09) | −0.02 (−0.30,0.26) | −0.08 | −0.12 (−0.28,0.04) | 0.02 (−0.20,0.24) | |
| Apolipoproteins | |||||||
| Apolipoprotein A1 | −0.17c | −0.20 (−0.36,−0.04) | 0.16 (−0.11,0.42) | 0.02 | −0.00 (−0.18,0.18) | 0.00 (−0.24,0.24) | |
| Apolipoprotein B | −0.09 | −0.12 (−0.28,0.04) | 0.08 (−0.20,0.36) | −0.09 | −0.11 (−0.27,0.05) | −0.02 (−0.25,0.22) | |
| ApoB/ApoA-1 | 0.01 | −0.01 (−0.16,0.15) | −0.03 (−0.31,0.24) | −0.11 | −0.11 (−0.26,0.05) | −0.03 (−0.26,0.21) | |
a
Phenotypic correlations (rP) were estimated using Pearson’s correlation method. Genetic (rA) and environmental (rE) correlations between height and each of the analyzed lipids and lipoproteins were obtained from the multivariate Cholesky model, which decomposes phenotypic covariation into uncorrelated genetic and environmental factors. In each multivariate model, five phenotypes were included: height at 11–12, 14, and 17 years and young adulthood, and one lipoprotein. CI, 95% confidence interval for rA and rE.
b
P<0.05
c
P<0.01.