Table 2. Paired analysis of metabolic measure differences between urban and rural siblings.

Table shows the number of pairs of samples in each test (n), the test statistic (z) and unadjusted (p) value for each test. Difference (diff) is the median (IQR) of the differences between pairs of samples for each metabolic measure where rural dwellers are the reference group.

Measure	Wilcoxon signed-rank test statistics. Rural to urban comparisons
	Lucknow	Hyderabad
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	n=91	n=91
	z= 3.838	z= 1.598
	p= 0.124e-03	p= 0.110
	diff= 0.30 (-0.11-1.00)	diff= 0.11 (-0.22-0.50)
Fasting insulin (mU/L)	n= 90	n= 91
	z= 4.535	z= 2.767
	p= 5.765e-06	p= 0.006
	diff= 2.35(-0.40-5.10)	diff= 1.00(-1.30-4.30)
HOMA-IR	n= 71	n= 71
	z= 4.332	z= 2.659
	p= 0.0148e-03	p= 0.008
	diff= 0.60(-0.18-1.15)	diff= 0.28(-0.25-1.03)
BMI (Kg/m2)	n= 91	n= 91
	z= 6.345	z= 4.908
	p= 2.231e-10	p= 9.210e-07
	diff= 4.04(0.64-7.18)	diff= 1.94(-0.20-5.44)
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	n= 90	n= 91
	z= 1.722	z= 0.267
	p= 0.085	p= 0.789
	diff= 0.23(-0.78-1.27)	diff= -0.05(-0.67-0.72)
LDL (mmol/L)	n= 89	n= 90
	z= 1.471	z= -0.026
	p= 0.141	p= 0.979
	diff= 0.22(-0.67-1.22)	diff= 0.05 (-0.75-0.60)
HDL (mmol/L)	n= 90	n= 91
	z= -0.656	z= 1.558
	p= 0.512	p= 0.119
	diff= -0.01(-0.18-0.18)	diff= 0.05(-0.10-0.21)
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	n= 90	n= 91
	z= 2.438	z= 1.181
	p= 0.015	p= 0.237
	diff= 0.31(-0.32-0.86)	diff= 0.09(-0.27-0.41)